rises for copra production, wood work, plaited craft
goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Agriculture:
coconuts, copra; basic subsistence crops - breadfruit, papaya,
bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Economic aid:
recipient:
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $24 million
Currency:
1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.7771 (January 1994), 1.8495
(1993), 1.8584 (1992), l.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6708 (1989)
Fiscal year:
1 April-31 March

@Tokelau, Communications

Highways:
total:
NA
paved:
NA
unpaved:
NA
Ports:
none; offshore anchorage only
Airports:
none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Western Samoa
Telecommunications:
radiotelephone service between islands and to Western Samoa

@Tokelau, Defense Forces

Note:
defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

@Tonga, Geography

Location:
Oceania, Polynesia, 2,250 km north-northwest of New Zealand, about
two-thirds of the way between Hawaii and New Zealand
Map references:
Oceania, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
748 sq km
land area:
718 sq km
comparative area:
slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
419 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
not specified
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool
season (May to December)
Terrain:
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation;
others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Natural resources:
fish, fertile soil
Land use:
arable land:
25%
permanent crops:
55%
meadows and pastures:
6%
forest and woodland:
12%
other:
2%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation
natural hazards:
subject to cyclones (October to April)
international agreements:
party to - Marine Life Conservation
Note:
archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)

@Tonga, People

Population:
104,778 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.79% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
24.76 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
6.75 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
-10.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
20.79 deaths/1,