of the World
Area:
total area:
780,580 sq km
land area:
770,760 sq km
comparative area:
slightly larger than Texas
Land boundaries:
total 2,627 km, Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km
Coastline:
7,200 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
in Black Sea only - to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the
former USSR
territorial sea:
6 nm in the Aegean Sea,
12 nm in the Black Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea
International disputes:
complex maritime and air (but not territorial) disputes with Greece in
Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; Hatay question with Syria; ongoing
dispute with downstream riparians (Syria and Iraq) over water
development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Climate:
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in
interior
Terrain:
mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau
(Anatolia)
Natural resources:
antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulphur, iron ore
Land use:
arable land:
30%
permanent crops:
4%
meadows and pastures:
12%
forest and woodland:
26%
other:
28%
Irrigated land:
22,200 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air
pollution; deforestation
natural hazards:
subject to very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey,
along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van
international agreements:
party to - Air Pollution, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Note:
strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of
Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas

@Turkey, People

Population:
62,153,898 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.02% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
25.98 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
5.8 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
48.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
70.94 years
male:
68.61 years
female:
73.38 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.21 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Turk(s)
adjective:
Turkish
Ethnic divisio