rubber, consumer
durables, textiles
partners:
Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey
External debt:
NEGL
Industrial production:
growth rate 5.3% (1993)
Electricity:
capacity:
2,920,000 kW
production:
13.1 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
3,079 kWh (1992)
Industries:
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Agriculture:
cotton, grain, animal husbandry
Illicit drugs:
illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption;
limited government eradication program; used as transshipment points
for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe
Economic aid:
recipient:
Turkmenistan has received about $200 million in bilateral aid credits
Currency:
Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on 1
November 1993
Exchange rates:
NA
Fiscal year:
calendar year

@Turkmenistan, Communications

Railroads:
2,120 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
total:
23,000 km
paved and gravel:
18,300 km
unpaved:
earth 4,700 km (1990)
Pipelines:
crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km
Ports:
inland - Krasnowodsk (Caspian Sea)
Airports:
total:
7
usable:
7
with permanent-surface runways:
4
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
0
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
4
Telecommunications:
poorly developed; only 7.5 telephone circuits per 100 persons (1991);
linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics and to other
countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway
switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been
established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic
through Turkey via INTELSAT; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1
INTELSAT

@Turkmenistan, Defense Forces

Branches:
National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops),
Joint Command Turkmenistan/Russia (Ground, Navy or Caspian Sea
Flotilla, Air, and Air Defense)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 962,987; fit for military service 787,991; reach
military age (18) annually 40,079 (1994 est.)
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP

@Turks and Caicos Islands

Header
Affiliation:
(dependent territory of the UK)

@Turks and Caicos Islands, Geography

Location:
Caribbean, in the western North Atlantic Ocean, 190 km north of the
Dominican Republic and southeast of The Bahamas
Map