at have maggots in, many of them stick right on the trees and
don't come off at all.

(Next slide.) I have two or three slides just showing the variations in
the degree of injury on English walnuts from the point where you'd have
an egg puncture. The puncture was made on the other side of the nut, on
top here, and this is just the exudate running down around the nut which
dries and becomes black. But these walnuts up above show just a lot of
dark spots where the maggots are beginning to find their way through the
husk. I have with me some injured nuts similar to those shown on the
screen if you'd like to see them when I have finished my talk. They will
give you a little idea what maggot injury looks like.

(Next slide.) This is the same type of injury on butternut. Maybe you'd
have one egg puncture and as many as a hundred or 120 maggots inside the
shuck.

(Next slide.) This is a picture of maggot injury on black walnut. They
don't seem to like the black walnuts as well as they do the Persian
walnut and butternut.

(Next slide.) This is one of the hybrid English walnuts that is located
on the grounds at the Geneva Experiment Station. It's quite a large
tree. I don't know the name of it. Maybe you do, George.

MR. SLATE: It has no name.

DR. GAMBRELL: It's not very fruitful, anyway, is it? But it is also
susceptible to injury.

(Next slide.) This photograph was made quite a few years ago, and that
explains some of the lines around it, but at any rate, this pile of nuts
shows the damaged ones that came from one tree, and also the ones that
were not infested. In other words, about two-thirds of the nuts on that
particular tree had been infested with maggots.

(Next slide.) That's a close-up view and is the type of thing I was
trying to describe to you earlier where the shucks dry up and stick to
the nut so that you cannot remove them. Those on the left, of course,
would be absolutely no good for commercial purposes.

(Next slide.) Now, I suppose you are all interested in this matter of
control. Unfortunately, I must admit that I have not worked on the
walnut husk maggots very much in the last 15 or 20 years. You may recall
that we had a severe freeze back in 1933 or 1934, which took out quite a
lot of our Persian walnuts in Western New York, and only the hardier
trees remained. But prior to that time we had been getting numerous
complaints, from growers about injury from walnut husk maggots, and we
did some