we all understand that.

MR. MACHOVINA: Can we speak of a Carpathian strain. Crath himself said
there were many. He even found walnuts growing in clusters like grapes.

DR. MACDANIELS: It would be a regional group of clones with a certain
origin not a strain in the genetic sense.

MR. STOKE: They are just Persian walnuts that happened to come from the
Carpathian region.

DR. CRANE: There is a little difference. I believe that in the northern
countries we have had more or less inbreeding and we could consider them
more nearly a line, not a strain, because of that. When the original
seed was introduced by Reverend Crath, probably each one of those lots
of nuts come from different trees, as a line, but, now this second
generation stuff that's coming along, it's just _Juglans Regia_. It's a
hardy Persian walnut.

MR. STOKE: I think I can offer a word of explanation of those growing in
clusters. I have no doubt that when the barbarians swept over the wall
centuries ago they brought Asiatic walnuts with them from as far as
Manchuria. They grew in clusters there like butternuts and heartnuts. No
doubt some of them reached Europe, and some of them may have hybridized
with the Persian, and I think really that's the answer.

DR. MACDANIELS: The same situation existed with peaches 20 years ago. We
had five geographical races of peaches that were more or less distinct.
With the exception of one, the Peento, they have all lost their identity
now because there has been no attempt to keep them distinct.

DR. CRANE: That's right.

MR. CHASE: Then we end up, there is no such thing as a Carpathian, it's
just a name for a hardy walnut that came from a certain region, that
distinguishes it from others.

MR. KEPLINGER: In my parents' old home in Eastern Germany in the
Bohemian mountains there is an English walnut tree that's 300 years old
and bears a hundred bushels of walnuts a year. They stand 40 below zero
there, too, and the nut cracks and hulls well. It has a record on
standing the cold, but there hasn't been any of them brought out here
and planted in this country, but they are there. I know they are there,
because they are on our estate.

DR. CRANE: Mr. Moderator, there is one remark that I want to make. Here
we are, the Northern Nut Growers Association, and yet we still use the
term, "English walnut," when we are talking about Carpathian walnut and
Persian walnut. This "English walnut" is the worst form of terminology
th