onsiderable mortality of these
flies as they just do not seem to be able to emerge from the soil, which
is a good thing.

(Next slide.) This photograph is one that I wasn't sure I was going to
get back in time for the meeting, but it is a Kodachrome of a pair of
flies mating on an English walnut. This happened to occur on some of our
own trees at the station, so that we are not immune from attack by this
bug.

(Next slide.) That is a close-up of an egg puncture, just a very tiny
little hole in the husk, and once in a while they lay an egg even on the
surface. Those eggs are quite small, about a millimeter in length and
about two-tenths of a millimeter in width, but the next slide will show
you that what they normally do is to put them inside that puncture in
groups. They vary quite a bit, but the average number of eggs is about
20 in each puncture. But that doesn't mean you won't have maybe four or
five different punctures on a given nut, so you may end up with at least
a hundred or more maggots in a shuck.

(Next slide.) And the next picture is a photograph of the same English
walnut taken about six or seven days later, showing the young maggots
that have just hatched out. What they will do, they will begin boring
in, and they will just radiate out in all directions into the shuck.
When they have gotten that far along, of course, there is no hope for
control.

(Next slide.) This slide is one taken when the maggots were almost
mature, showing the type of damage that you get.

(Next slide.) This is the resting stage, or the pupa, the one which
spends the winter in the soil and from which the flies emerge in New
York, at least in our section, beginning about July 15th and going
through up until August 15th.

(Next slide.) The one at the top is normal fruit. I mentioned a while
ago that this butternut curculio causes quite a bit of concern and also
spoke about its being in terminals. If you look carefully you see a very
definite hole here in the husk. That is where the adult punctured the
husk. It may have been a feeding puncture first and later an egg was
laid inside, and then you get the maggot or the grub of the curculio
developing in there, so that superficially that discoloration looks very
much like the walnut husk maggot. But in this case you may not find over
one or two maggots in a nut. And the other difference is that these
fruits which are attacked usually fall during July and August, whereas
the ones th