ial
Democrats demanded the abdication of the Emperor and the Crown Prince.
On the 9th Prince Max resigned the Chancellorship, and the Kaiser
abdicated and ignominiously fled across the border into Holland. On
the 11th at 5 A. M. the Armistice was signed by the German delegates
and Marshal Foch, and it went into effect at 11 o'clock that day.

In two particulars the Wilson principles had been modified by the
Allies. In the American note to Germany of November 5 Secretary
Lansing stated that the President had submitted his correspondence with
the German authorities to the Allied Governments and that he had
received in reply the following memorandum:

"The Allied Governments have given careful consideration to the
correspondence which has passed between the President of the United
States and the German Government. Subject to the qualifications which
follow, they declare their willingness to make peace with the
Government of Germany on the terms of peace laid down in the
President's Address to Congress of January 8, 1918, and the principles
of settlement enunciated in his subsequent Addresses. They must point
out, however, that Clause 2, relating to what is usually described as
the freedom of the seas, is open to various interpretations, some of
which they could not accept. They must therefore reserve to themselves
complete freedom on this subject when they enter the Peace Conference.
Further, in the conditions of peace laid down in his Address to
Congress of January 8, 1918, the President declared that the invaded
territories must be restored as well as evacuated and freed, and the
Allied Governments feel that no doubt ought to be allowed to exist as
to what this provision implies. By it they understand that
compensation will be made by Germany for all damage done to the
civilian population of the Allies and their property by the aggression
of Germany by land, by sea, and from the air." In transmitting this
memorandum Secretary Lansing stated that he was instructed by the
President to say that he agreed with this interpretation.

With these modifications the Wilson principles were accepted by all
parties as the legal basis of the peace negotiations.

XI

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

It was agreed that the Peace Conference should meet at Paris, and
President Wilson considered the issues involved of such magnitude that
he decided to head the American delegation himself. Great Britain,
France, and Italy wer