ich would be
embodied in a treaty. The United States recognized Japan's mandate
over the islands north of the equator on the condition that the United
States should have full cable rights on the island of Yap, and that its
citizens should enjoy certain rights of residence on the island. The
agreement also covered radio telegraphic service.

During the presidential campaign Harding's position on the League of
Nations had been so equivocal that the public knew not what to expect,
but when Hughes and Hoover were appointed members of the Cabinet, it
was generally expected that the new administration would go into the
League with reservations. This expectation was not to be fulfilled,
however, for the President persistently ignored the existence of the
League, and took no notice of the establishment of the permanent Court
of International Justice provided for in Article 14 of the Covenant.
Meanwhile Elihu Root, who as Secretary of State had instructed our
delegates to the Hague Conference of 1907 to propose the establishment
of such a court, had been invited by the Council of the League to be
one of a commission of distinguished jurists to draft the statute
establishing the court. This service he performed with conspicuous
ability. As another evidence of Europe's unwillingness to leave us
out, when the court was organized John Bassett Moore, America's most
distinguished authority on international law, was elected one of the
judges.

Meanwhile a technical state of war with Germany existed and American
troops were still on the Rhine. On July 2, 1921, Congress passed a
joint resolution declaring the war at an end, but undertaking to
reserve to the United States "all rights, privileges, indemnities,
reparations or advantages" to which it was entitled under the terms of
the Armistice, or by reason of its participation in the war, or which
had been stipulated for its benefit in the Treaty of Versailles, or to
which it was entitled as one of the Principal Allied and Associated
Powers, or to which it was entitled by virtue of any act or acts of
Congress. On August 25 the United States Government, through its
commissioner to Germany, signed at Berlin a separate treaty of peace
with Germany, reserving in detail the rights referred to in the joint
resolution of Congress. About the same time a similar treaty was
signed with Austria, and the two treaties were ratified by the Senate
of the United States October 18. The proclama