ld, without question, be relieved of all treaty
restrictions on her tariffs.

The Conference also took certain steps to restore to China other
sovereign rights long impaired by the encroachments of foreign powers.
A commission is to be appointed to investigate the administration of
justice with a view to the ultimate extinction of extraterritorial
rights now enjoyed by foreigners. The powers also agreed to abandon
not later than January 1, 1923, their existing postal agencies in
China, provided an efficient Chinese postal service be maintained. The
system of foreign post offices in China has been the subject of great
abuses, as through these agencies goods of various kinds, including
opium and other drugs, have been smuggled into China. The powers
further made a general promise to aid the Chinese Government in the
unification of railways into a general system under Chinese control.
They also agreed to restore to China all radio stations other than
those regulated by treaty or maintained by foreign governments within
their legation limits.

In the treaty relating to the open door, the Contracting Powers other
than China pledged themselves to the following principles:

"(1) To respect the sovereignty, the independence, and the territorial
and administrative integrity of China;

"(2) To provide the fullest and most unembarrassed opportunity to China
to develop and maintain for herself an effective and stable government;

"(3) To use their influence for the purpose of effectually establishing
and maintaining the principle of equal opportunity for the commerce and
industry of all nations throughout the territory of China;

"(4) To refrain from taking advantage of conditions in China in order
to seek special rights or privileges which would abridge the rights of
subjects or citizens of friendly States, and from countenancing action
inimical to the security of such States."

China on her part accepted fully the principle of the open door, and
pledged herself for the first time to respect it. Pledges to respect
the open door in China have been made by foreign powers upon various
occasions in the past and broken as often as made. The expression
"equal opportunity for the commerce and industry of all nations" is not
new. It occurs in the Anglo-Japanese Alliance of 1902, in the
Root-Takahira agreement of 1908, and in numerous other documents. In
recent years, however, the United States has been the only power which