e
of containing the accumulation of several months. When filled they are
allowed to stand for some time, during which the smell diminishes and
the contents become nearly dry. The residue is then dug out and mixed
with ashes, dry loam, charcoal powder, peat, peat-charcoal, saw-dust,
and other matters, so as to deodorize it, and render it sufficiently dry
for transport. Its general composition may be judged of from the
subjoined analyses of samples from different places:--

Montfaucon. Bondy. Dresden. American.
Water 28.00 13.60 19.50 39.97
Organic matters 29.00 24.10 20.80 20.57
Phosphates 7.65 4.96 5.40 1.88
Carbonates of lime and }
Magnesia, alkaline } 7.35 14.14 11.30 7.63
salts, etc. }
Sand 28.00 43.20 43.00 29.95
------ ------ ------ ------
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Ammonia 1.54 1.98 2.60 1.23

These analyses shew sufficiently the extent to which the animal matters
have been mixed with valueless driers, the second and third samples
containing considerably more than half their weight of worthless
matters.

_Hair, Skin, and Horn._--The refuse of manufactories in which these
substances are employed, are frequently used as manures. They are highly
nitrogenous substances, and owe their entire value to the nitrogen they
contain, their inorganic constituents being in too small quantity to be
of any importance, wool and hair having only 2 per cent, and horn 0.7
per cent of ash. In the pure and dry state, and after subtraction of the
ash, their composition is,--

Skin. Human hair. Wool. Horn.
Carbon 50.99 50.65 50.65 51.99
Hydrogen 7.07 6.36 7.03 6.72
Nitrogen 18.72 17.14 17.71 17.28
Oxygen 23.22 20.85 } 24.61 24.01
Sulphur ... 5.00 }
------ ------ ------ ------
100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

It rarely if ever happens, however, that the refuse offered for sale as
a manure is pure. It always contains water, sand, and other foreign
matters. Woollen rags are mixed with cotton which has no manurial value,
and the skin refus