required by the Crown; nor impose or
augment taxes unless they be necessary for meeting the supplies which
they have voted or are about to vote, and for supplying general
deficiencies in the revenue. The Crown has no concern in the nature or
distribution of the taxes; but the foundation of all Parliamentary
taxation is its necessity for the public service as declared by the
Crown through its constitutional advisers."[201]

[Footnote 199: Government of England, I., 288.]

[Footnote 200: Since the enactment of the
Parliament Bill of 1911, as has been observed, the
assent of the Lords is not necessary. See p. 112.]

[Footnote 201: The procedure involved in the
handling of money bills is described in Lowell,
Government of England, I., Chap. 14; Anson, Law and
Custom of the Constitution, I., 268-281; Walpole,
Electorate and Legislature, Chap. 7; Todd,
Parliamentary Government, II., 186-271; Ilbert,
Parliament, Chap. 4; Redlich, Procedure of the
House of Commons, III., 113-174; May, Treatise on
the Law, Privileges, Proceedings, and Usage of
Parliament, Chap. 21. See also E. Porritt,
Amendments in the House of Commons Procedure since
1881, in _American Political Science Review_, Nov.,
1908. Among numerous works on taxation in England
the standard authority is S. Dowell, History of
Taxation and Taxes in England from the Earliest
Times to the Year 1885, 4 vols. (2d ed., London,
1888).]

*144. Private Bills: Nature and Procedure.*--In the matter of (p. 137)
procedure there is no distinction between a Government bill and a
private member's bill. Both are public bills. But a private bill is
handled in a manner largely peculiar to itself. A public bill is one
which affects the general interests of the state, and which has for
its object presumably the promotion of the common good. A private bill
is one which has in view the interest of some particular locality,
person, or collection of persons. The commonest object of private
bills is to enable private individuals to enter into combination to
undertake works of public utility--the b