910). Of these, the first constitutes one of the
most forceful defenses and the second one of the
most incisive criticisms of the upper chamber that
have been written. A brief review by an able French
writer is A. Esmein, La Chambre des Lords et la
democratie (Paris, 1910). Among articles in
periodicals may be mentioned H. W. Horwill, The
Problem of The House of Lords, in _Political
Science Quarterly_, March, 1908; E. Porritt, The
Collapse of the Movement against the Lords, in
_North American Review_, June, 1908; ibid., Recent
and Pending Constitutional Changes in England, in
_American Political Science Review_, May, 1910; J.
L. Garvin, The British Elections and their Meaning,
in _Fortnightly Review_, Feb., 1910; J. A. R.
Marriott, The Constitutional Crisis, in _Nineteenth
Century_, Jan., 1910. A readable sketch is A. L. P.
Dennis, Impressions of British Party Politics,
1909-1911, in _American Political Science Review_,
Nov., 1911; and the best accounts of the Parliament
Act and of its history are: Dennis, The Parliament
Act of 1911, ibid., May and Aug., 1912; May and
Holland, Constitutional History of England, III.,
343-384; Lowell, Government of England (rev. ed.,
New York, 1912), Chap. 23a; _Annual Register_ for
the years 1910 and 1911; M. Sibert, Le vote du
Parliament Act, in _Revue du Droit Public_,
Jan.-March, 1912; and La reforme de la Chambre des
Lords, ibid., July-Sept., 1912. A book of some
value is C. T. King, The Asquith Parliament,
1906-1909; a Popular Sketch of its Men and its
Measures (London, 1910).]

[Footnote 165: Government of England, I., 418-419.]

CHAPTER VI (p. 117)

PARLIAMENT: ORGANIZATION, FUNCTIONS, PROCEDURE

I. THE ASSEMBLING OF THE CHAMBERS

*119. Sessions.*--Parliament is required by statute to meet at least
once in three yea