r, _Anthrop._, 208.

[168] Powers, _California Indians_, 50.

[169] Lumholtz, _Scribner's_, October, 1894, 448.

[170] Von den Steinen, _Berl. Mus._, 1888, 205.

[171] Southey, _Brazil_, I, 131.

[172] E.g. a rasp made from the skin of the palate of a kind of
ray, by Tahitians, Vienna Museum.

[173] Mason, _Origin of Invention_, 23.

[174] Grinnell, _Folk Tales_, 295.

[175] Dall, _Bur. Eth._, III, 122.

[176] Ratzel, _Voelkerkunde_, II, 52.

[177] Smyth, _Aborig. of Victoria_, I, 202.

[178] _N. S. Amer. Anthrop._, II, 466.

[179] _U. S. Nat. Mus._, 1890, 471.

[180] Ratzel, _Voelkerkunde_, II, 163.

[181] Smithson, _Contrib. to Knowledge_, XXV; Rau, _Prehist.
Fishing_.

[182] Von den Steinen, _Berl. Mus._, 1888, 209, 231, 235.

[183] Ehrenreich, _Voelkerkunde Brasiliens; Berl. Mus._, 1891, 57.

[184] _Prim. Inhab. of Scandinavia_, 35.

[185] JAI, XXIII, 160.

[186] _Ibid._, XXVIII, 343.

[187] Kabary, _Karolinenarchipel._, 123-130.

[188] Hearn, _Japan_, 139.

[189] _Ibid._, 165.

[190] Smyth, _Aborig. of Victoria_, I, 340.

[191] Tylor, JAI, XXII, 137; JAI, XXIV, 336; _Early Hist. of
Mankind_, 195; Ling Roth, _Tasmania_, 158.

[192] JAI, XXIII, 276.

[193] _Bur. Eth._, XVII (Part I), 153, 245.

[194] _Ibid._, XV, 61.

[195] Mason, _Origin of Invention_, 132.

[196] _Ibid._, 123, 136.

[197] _Intern. Cong. Anthrop._, 1893, 67.

[198] JAI, XXIV, 44.

[199] _Ibid._, X, 316.

[200] Mason, _Origin of Invention_, 148.

[201] Ratzel, _Voelkerkunde_, II, 586.

[202] Ranke, _Der Mensch_, II, 519.

[203] Ratzel, _Voelkerkunde_, II, 149.

[204] Hagen, _Unter den Papuas_, 214; Pfeil, _Aus der Suedsee_,
97.

[205] Thurston, _Antiq. of Tenn., etc._, 218, 230-240, 259; JAI,
XIII, XVI; _Bur. Ethnol._, XIII; _Smithson. Rep._, 1874, 1877,
1886, Parts I, II, III; _Peabody Mus._, No. 7.

[206] Lubbock, _Prehist. Times_, 90.

[207] _Smithson. Rep._, 1885, Part I, 874, 882; _Ibid._, 1887,
Part I, 601.

[208] Smyth, _Aborig. of Victoria_, I, 359.

[209] _Globus_, LXXXVII, 238.

[210] Ranke, _Der Mensch_, II, 517.

[211] Mason, _Origin of Invention_, 26.

[212] _U. S. Nat. Mus._, 1894, 658.

[213] Powers, _Calif. Indians_, 374.

[214] _Ibid._, 104; _Smithson. Rep._, 1886, Part I, 225.

[215] _Smithson. Rep._, 1887