ype of man.--Who does the
thinking?--The gentleman.--Standards set by taboos.--Crimes.--
Criminal law.--Mass phenomena of fear and hope.--Manias,
delusions.--Monstrous mass phenomena.--Gregariousness in the
Middle Ages.--The mendicant orders.--Other mendicants.--
Popular mania for poverty and beggary.--Delusions.--Manias and
suggestion.--Power of the crowd over the individual.--
Discipline by pain.--The mediaeval church operated societal
selection.--The mediaeval church.--Sacerdotal celibacy.--The
masses wanted clerical celibacy.--Abelard.--The selection of
sacerdotal celibacy.--How the church operated selection.--Mores
and morals; social code.--Orthodoxy; treatment of dissent;
selection by torture.--Execution by burning.--Burning in North
American colonies.--Solidarity in penalty for fault of one.--
Torture in the ancient states.--Torture in the Roman empire.--
Jewish and Christian universality; who persecutes whom?--The
ordeal.--Irrationality of torture.--Inquisitorial procedure
from Roman law.--Bishops as inquisitors.--Definition of
heretic.--The Albigenses.--Persecution was popular.--Theory of
persecution.--Duties laid on the civil authority.--Public
opinion as to the burning of heretics.--The shares of the church
and the masses.--The church uses its power for selfish
aggrandizement.--The inquisition took shape slowly.--Frederick
II and his code.--Formative legislation.--Dungeons.--The
yellow crosses.--Confiscation.--Operation of the inquisition.--
Success of the inquisition.--Torture in civil and ecclesiastical
trials.--The selection accomplished.--Torture in England.--The
Spanish inquisition.--The inquisition in Venice.--The use of
the inquisition for political and personal purposes.--Stages of
the selection by murder.

+170. Social selection by the mores.+ The most important fact about the
mores is their dominion over the individual. Arising he knows not whence
or how, they meet his opening mind in earliest childhood, give him his
outfit of ideas, faiths, and tastes, and lead him into prescribed mental
processes. They bring to him codes of action, standards, and rules of
ethics. They have a model of the man-as-he-should-be to which they mold
him, in spite of himself and without his knowledge. If he submits and
consents, he is taken up and may attain great social success. If he
resists and dissents, he is thrown out and may be