ne derogates from class "respectability." The
disapproval or contempt of one's nearest associates is the sanction. The
standards and code of respectability are in the class mores. They get
inside of the mind and heart of members of the class, and betray each to
the class demands.

+169.+ If, however, the standard of living which one has inherited from
his class is adopted as an individual standard, and is made the object
of effort and self-denial, the individual and social results are of
high value. One man said, "Live like a hog and you will behave like
one"; to which another replied, "Behave like a hog and you will live
like one." Both were right in about equal measure. The social standard
of a class acts like honor. It sustains self-respect and duty to self
and family. The pain which is produced by derogation produces effort and
self-denial. The social standard may well call out and concentrate all
there is in a man to work for his social welfare. Evidently the
standard of living never can do more than that. It never can add
anything to the forces in a man's own character and attainments.

[366] Prov. xxiv. 30.

[367] _Jewish Encyc._, s.v. "Labor." The same view is found in 2
Thess. iii. 10, and Eph. iv. 28.

[368] Thomas Aquinas, _Summa_, II, 2, qu. 82, 1, 2; qu. 187, 3.

[369] D'Avenel, _Hist. Econ._, 142.

[370] D'Avenel, 397.

[371] D'Avenel, 144.

[372] Hardy used this fact in _Tess of the D'Urbervilles_.

CHAPTER V

SOCIETAL SELECTION

Social selection by the mores.--Instrumentalities of
suggestion.--Symbols, pictures, etc.--Apparatus of
suggestion.--Watchwords, catchwords.--"Slave," "democracy."--
Epithets.--Phrases.--Pathos.--Pathos is unfavorable to
truth.--Analysis and verification as tests.--Humanity.--
Selection by distinction.--Aristocracies.--Fashion.--
Conventionalization.--Uncivilized fashions.--Ideals of
beauty.--Fashion in other things than dress.--Miscellaneous
fashions.--All deformations by fashion are irrational.--Satires
on fashion.--Fashion in faiths and ideals.--Fashion is not
trivial, not subject to argument.--Remoter effects of fashion.--
Slang and expletives.--Poses, fads, and cant.--Illustrations.--
Heroes, scapegoats, and butts.--Caricature.--Relation of fads,
etc., to mores.--Ideals.--Ideals of beauty.--The
man-as-he-should-be.--The standard t