tating pastures or rotation of the stock on a
given pasture. Horses may be alternated with cattle, sheep, or hogs to
advantage, so far as parasites are concerned. Another feature, always of
importance, is the provision of a pure, potable drinking water.

BOTS (_Gastrophilus_ spp.).--Bots (Pl. VI) are quite common in the
stomach and upper part of the small intestine of the horse anywhere in
the United States, one kind being occasionally found in the rectum. They
attach to that portion of the mucous lining of the stomach nearest the
esophagus or sometimes around the pyloric opening to the intestine or
even in the upper intestine, and undoubtedly interfere with the proper
functioning of the stomach and the health of the animal to a certain
extent. The symptoms are rather vague as a rule, but the general result
is a condition of unthriftiness.

A treatment which has been found effective consists in feeding lightly
on the day preceding treatment, withholding food in the evening and
giving an ounce of Barbados aloes or a pint of linseed oil. The next
day give 3 drams of carbon bisulphid in a gelatin capsule at 6 o'clock,
repeat the dose at 7 o'clock, and again at 8 o'clock, making a total of
9 drams altogether for an adult horse; half that amount will be
sufficient for a yearling colt. As previously noted, there is some
little difficulty and danger of accident in the administration of
treatments of this character and it is advisable to call in a
veterinarian.

Unless destroyed by treatment, the bots in the stomach of the horse pass
out in the manure in the spring and burrow down into the soil an inch or
two. Here they undergo a certain amount of development and finally
emerge as adult flies. These bot flies mate and during the summer the
eggs are deposited by the female on the forelegs and shoulders or around
the chin, mouth and nostrils of the horse, the location and appearance
of the eggs varying somewhat with different species of bot flies. These
eggs or the young maggots escaping from them are ingested by the horse
in licking the portions irritated by the movement of the escaping
maggots, and when swallowed develop to form bots in the stomach. Careful
currying, especially around the forequarters, is an aid in keeping down
bot infestation, but this is not commonly feasible with horses on
pasture, the ones most liable to become infested.

DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS.

By W. S. HARBAUGH, V. S.

[Revised b