y, and is never very serious. The blood escapes in
drops (seldom in a stream) and is not frothy, as when the hemorrhage is
from the lungs. (See Bleeding from the lungs, p. 127.) In most cases
bathing the head and washing out the nostril with cold water are all
that is necessary. If the cause is known, you will be guided according
to circumstances. If the bleeding continues, pour ice-cold water over
the face, between the eyes and down over the nasal chambers. A bag
containing ice in small pieces applied to the head is often efficient.
If in spite of these measures the hemorrhage continues, plugging the
nostrils with cotton, tow, or oakum, should be tried. A string should be
tied around the plug before it is pushed up into the nostril, so that it
can be safely withdrawn after 4 or 5 hours. If both nostrils are
bleeding, only one nostril at a time should be plugged. If the
hemorrhage is profuse and persistent, a drench composed of 1 dram of
acetate of lead dissolved in 1 pint of water, or ergot, 1 ounce, should
be given.

INFLAMMATION OF THE PHARYNX.

As already stated, the pharynx is common to the functions of both
respiration and alimentation. From this organ the air passes into the
larynx and thence onward to the lungs. In the posterior part of the
pharynx is the superior extremity of the gullet, the canal through which
the feed and water pass to the stomach. Inflammation of the pharynx is a
complication of other diseases--namely, influenza, strangles, etc.--and
is probably always more or less complicated with inflammation of the
larynx. That it may exist as an independent affection there is no reason
to doubt, and it is discussed as such with the diseases of the digestive
tract.

SORE THROAT, OR LARYNGITIS.

The larynx is situated in the space between the lower jawbones just back
of the root of the tongue. It may be considered as a box (somewhat
depressed on each side), composed principally of cartilages and small
muscles, and lined on the inside with a continuation of the respiratory
mucous membrane. Posteriorly it opens into and is continuous with the
windpipe. It is the organ of the voice, the vocal cords being situated
within it; but in the horse this function is of little consequence. It
dilates and contracts to a certain extent, thus regulating the volume of
air passing through it. The mucous membrane lining it internally is so
highly sensitive that if the smallest particle of feed happens to drop
into i