often terminates fatally. The larvae of
_Cylicostomum_ form cysts in the walls of the large intestine, and when
these open they give rise to small sores; when they are numerous they
cause a thickening and hardening which impair the proper functioning of
the intestine. Abscesses sometimes perforate, causing death. The adult
worm attacks the intestinal wall, causing bleeding which results in
anemia. The numerous small sores thus caused allow bacteria to get into
the circulation, sometimes resulting in localized abscesses or in septic
arthritis or joint disease.

[Illustration: PLATE V.

INTESTINAL WORMS.

Oxyuris equi

Strongylus equinus.

Habronema microstoma

Cylichnostomum Sp.

Ascaris equorum]

[Illustration: PLATE VI.

BOTS

1. Bots in the stomach.

2. Bots in the duodenum.]

The disease due to these worms is quite common. The worms enter the body
as immature forms in the spring, when the animal is turned out on
pasture. The first symptoms show in November or December, the disease
being in a latent stage during the development of the worms. The first
symptoms are diarrhea, loss of appetite, and emaciation. The animal
becomes anemic. Secondary symptoms are edema and such complications as
joint infection, colic due to embolism, and accidents from falls,
hemorrhage from ruptured aneurisms, or perforation at the site of
abscess. The animal may die, recover, or become a chronic sufferer, the
internal injuries failing to make a satisfactory recovery even with the
removal of the worms in chronic cases.

_Treatment_ calls for the expulsion of the adult worms from the
intestine, the development of the body resistance to repair the damage
wrought by the developing worms, and the combating of complications. For
the expulsion of the worms the use of carbon bisulphid in gelatin
capsules, 2 to 5 grams, according to the size of the patient, for five
days, followed by magnesium sulphate the sixth day, has been
recommended. Owing to the difficulty and danger in the administration of
carbon bisulphid in capsule, it is advisable to call in a veterinarian.
Tonic treatment consists in the subcutaneous administration of
artificial serum and caffein. The various complications of bacterial
infection, colic, heart depression, etc., call for the attention of a
veterinarian. Preventive measures consist in avoiding reinfection with
worms so far as possible by using dry upland pasture in preference to
low, wet land, and by ro