down or
after passing his manure. They are mostly due to constipation,
irritation, or injuries, or follow from the severe straining during
dysentery. I have observed them to follow from severe labor pains in the
mare.

_Treatment._--Attention must be paid to the condition of the bowels;
they should be soft, but purging is to be avoided. The tumors should be
washed in warm water and thoroughly cleansed, after which scarify them
and gently but firmly squeeze out the liquid that will be seen to follow
the shallow incisions. After thus squeezing these tumors and before
replacing through the anus, bathe the parts with some anodyn wash. For
this purpose the glycerite of tannin and laudanum in equal parts is
good. Mucilaginous injections into the rectum may be of service for a
few days.

HERNIA, OR RUPTURE.

There are several kinds or hernias that require notice, not all of
which, however, produce serious symptoms or results. Abdominal hernias,
or ruptures, are divided into reducible, irreducible, and strangulated,
according to condition; and into inguinal, scrotal, ventral, umbilical,
and diaphragmatic, according to their situation. A hernia is reducible
when the displaced organ can be returned to its natural location. It
consists of a soft swelling, without heat, pain, or any uneasiness,
generally larger on full feed, and decreases in size as the bowels
become empty. An irreducible hernia is one that can not be returned into
the abdomen, and yet does not cause any pain or uneasiness. Strangulated
hernia is one in which the contents of the sac are greatly distended, or
when from pressure upon the blood vessels of the imprisoned portion the
venous circulation is checked or stopped, thereby causing congestion,
swelling, inflammation, and, if not relieved, gangrene of the part and
death of the animal. According to the time or mode of origin, hernias
may be congenital or acquired.

CONGENITAL SCROTAL HERNIA.--Not a few foals are noticed from birth to
have an enlarged scrotum, which gradually increases in size until about
the sixth month, sometimes longer. Sometimes the scrotum of a
six-months-old colt is as large as that of an adult stallion, and
operative treatment is considered. This is unnecessary in the great
majority of cases, as the enlargement often disappears by the time the
colt has reached his second year. Any interference, medicinal or
surgical, is worse than useless. If the intestine contained within the
scro