ather than flight, and anger results. Or if the cortical
secretion pours in an overwhelming amount of its secretion from the
first into the blood there will be no fear, but anger immediately.
Habitually charging and fearless animals like the bison, bull, tiger,
or lion have a relatively larger cortex in their adrenals. Habitually
fleeing and fearful animals, like the rabbit, have a small cortex
and a wide medulla in their adrenals. The reinforcing action of the
thyroid is important. The adrenal medulla reinforced by the thyroid
makes for terror, the adrenal cortex reinforced by the thyroid makes
for fury.

Some people are not easily frightened, others are more readily
frightened, and still others are of an extremely fearful nature. It
depends upon the proportion of adrenal cortex to medulla secretion in
them. And their reaction to fear stimuli is a pretty good measure
of the ratio. These formulations apply more particularly to fear in
general and anger in general. But even in the least fearsome, i.e.,
an individual in whom cortex dominates medulla, there may be
fear--complexes, dating back to events and times when medulla
overtopped cortex, especially childhood. So in the coolest people,
certain persons, objects, episodes, may send a wave along an old line
of nerve cells and paths which lead to the adrenal medulla, and so
flood him with fear, terror or even panic before his usual cortex
response occurs. Impressions during the early years of childhood,
probing of the unconscious by various methods, have been shown to be
the most potent in this respect. Sometimes the episode goes further
back than childhood, and one must assume an inherited conditioning
of the vegetative and endocrine systems. An animal leaping upon an
ancestor in a forest during the night might account for the panic fear
some people experience when alone in the dark, that nothing of their
childhood history may account for.

In women, the adrenal medulla naturally tends to overtop the cortex,
because the latter makes for masculinity. Besides, the recurring
cycle in the ovary, making the corpus luteum, evolves an additional
stimulant to the medulla, through its irritating influence upon the
thyroid. Then the influence of the post-pituitary is anti-adrenal
cortex. So that, on the whole, a number of endocrines work to render
woman naturally fearful, as we say.

Courage is so closely related to fear and anger that all are always
associated in any discussi