ons, compensations and dissociations, which may unite to
integrate or refuse to integrate, and so disintegrate and deteriorate
a personality.

As the personality develops, the vegetative system becomes susceptible
to the manifold associates of family, school, church and society, art,
science and religion, and last but not least sex. All the different
nuances of personality are expressions of a particular relationship,
transitory or permanent, between the endocrines and the viscera
and muscles. Conversely, behaviour shows what a person actually is
chemically; that is, what endocrine and vegetative factors predominate
in his make-up.

FEAR, ANGER, AND COURAGE

Fear and anger are the oldest and so the most deep-rooted of the
instincts. An ameba, contracting at the touch of some unpleasant
object, feels fear in its most primitive form. And anger, the
destructive passion, must have appeared early upon the scene of life.
Certainly these two instincts were definitely developed and fixed in
the cells before sex differentiation and the sex instincts were born
at all. It is interesting to note this for our rabid Freudians.

Fear and anger involve the adrenal gland. How comes it that two states
of mind so contrasted should involve the same area? The answer lies in
the bipartite construction of the adrenal. All the evidence points
to its medulla as the secretor of the substance which makes for the
phenomena of fear, and to its cortex as dominant in the reactions of
anger.

When adrenalin is injected under the skin in sufficient quantity, it
will produce paleness, trembling, erection of the hair, twitching of
the limbs, quick or gasping breathing, twitching of the lips--all the
classic manifestations of fear. These are the immediate effects of
fear because they are the immediate effects of excess adrenalin in the
blood upon the vegetative viscera and the muscles. The perception
by associative memory of these effects of adrenalin, the sensations
arising from the organs affected, constitute the emotion of fear.
Flight follows by muscle prepared for flight, for the disturbance of
the inter-muscular equilibrium tenses the flexor muscles, the muscles
of flight, and relaxes the extensor muscles, the muscles of attack.

If, it would seem, the cortex secretion now pours into the blood,
enough to more than overcome the effects of the medulla secretion, the
inter-muscular equilibrium is disturbed in the opposite direction,
for fight r