ty of will. He surpassed
them both in the distinctness with which he saw results, and in the
boldness with which he formulated and followed his conclusions.

Calhoun in person was tall and slender, and in his later years was
emaciated. His features were angular and somewhat harsh, but with a
striking face and very fine eyes of a brilliant dark blue. To his slaves
he was just and kind. He lived the modest, unassuming life of a country
planter when at his home, and at Washington lived as unostentatiously as
possible, consistent with his public duties and position. His character
in other respects was always of stainless integrity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.--A collected edition of Calhoun's _Works_ (6 vols., New
York, 1853-1855) has been edited by Richard K. Cralle. The most
important speeches and papers are:--_The South Carolina Exposition_
(1828); _Speech on the Force Bill_ (1833); _Reply to Webster_ (1833);
_Speech on the Reception of Abolitionist Petitions_ (1836), _and on
the Veto Power_ (1842); a _Disquisition on Government_, and a
_Discourse on the Constitution and Government of the United States_
(1849-1850)--the last two, written a short time before his death,
defend with great ability the rights of a minority under a government
such as that of the United States. Calhoun's _Correspondence_, edited
by J. Franklin Jameson, has been published by the American Historical
Association (see _Report_ for 1899, vol. ii.). The biography of
Calhoun by Dr Hermann von Holst in the "American Statesmen Series"
(Boston, 1882) is a condensed study of the political questions of
Calhoun's time. Gustavus M. Pinckney's _Life of John C. Calhoun_
(Charleston, 1903) gives a sympathetic Southern view. Gaillard Hunt's
_John C. Calhoun_ (Philadelphia, 1908) is a valuable work.
(H. A. M. S.)

CALI, an inland town of the department of Cauca, Colombia, South
America, about 180 m. S.W. of Bogota and 50 m. S.E. of the port of
Buenaventura, on the Rio Cali, a small branch of the Cauca. Pop. (1906
estimate) 16,000. Cali stands 3327 ft. above sea-level on the western
side of the Cauca valley, one of the healthiest regions of Colombia. The
land-locked character of this region greatly restricts the city's trade
and development; but it is considered the most important town in the
department. It has a bridge across the Cali, and a number of religious
and public edifices. A railway from Buenaventura will give Cali and