ect _Gloxinia_.]

[Illustration: FIG. 111.--Stamens of erect regular, and of pendent
irregular-flowered _Gloxinia_.]

A similar alteration accompanies this form of peloria in other flowers
(see Peloria). A change in direction may result also from other
circumstances than those just alluded to. Abortion or suppression of
organs will induce such an alteration; thus in a flower of _Pelargonium_
now before me three of the five carpels, from some cause or other, are
abortive and much smaller than usual, and the style and the beak-like
torus are bent downwards towards the stunted carpels instead of being,
as they usually are, straight.

Amongst orchids, where the pedicel of the flower or the ovary is
normally twisted, so that the labellum occupies the anterior or inferior
part of the flower, it frequently happens, in cases of peloria and other
changes, that the primitive position is retained, the twist does not
take place, and so with other resupinate flowers. In Azaleas a curious
deflexion of the parts of the flower may occasionally be met with. Fig.
112 shows an instance of this in which the corolla, the stamens and the
style were abruptly bent downwards: as young flowers of this singular
variety have not been examined it is difficult to form an opinion as to
the cause of this variation. In one plant the change occurred in
connection with the suppression of all the flowers but one in the
cluster, or rather the place of the flowers was occupied by an equal
number of leafy shoots.

[Illustration: FIG. 112.--Flower of _Azalea_, showing the corolla
reflected.]

Moquin[213] mentions a flower of _Rosa alpina_ in which two of the
petals were erect, while the remaining ones were much larger and
expanded horizontally. The same author quotes from M. Desmoulins the
case of a species of _Orobanche_, in which a disjunction of the petals
constituting the upper lip took place, thus liberating the style and
allowing it to assume a vertical direction.

[Illustration: FIG. 113.--Flower of _Cuphea miniata_ enlarged, showing
protrusion and hypertrophy of an erect placenta, after Morren.]

[Illustration: FIG. 114.--Placenta from the flower shown at fig. 113;
the ovary is membranous and torn, the placenta, erect and ovuliferous,
after Morren.]

M. Carriere[214] has described an instance wherein two apples were
joined together, a larger and a smaller one; the former was directed
away from the centre of the tree as usual, while the small