up in the centre from back to front, and surmounted by a
two-lobed anther, so that the general appearance of the whole structure
is that of a central anther, supported at the base on each side by two
concave leaf-lobes, or it might be compared with a three-lobed leaf, the
terminal lobe represented by the anther.

In _Jatropha Pohliana_, Muell. (_Adenorophium luxurians_, Pohl.), a
singular condition has been observed by M. Mueller (Argov.). In this
flower the anther, in place of being represented by the flat blade of a
single leaf, had the appearance as if two such blades were present and
coherent one with the other by their midribs, along their upper or inner
surfaces, which were directed towards the centre of the flower (fig.
136), thus resembling the cases of adhesion of leaves by their surfaces
already referred to (p. 33). In other cases, in the same plant, the
anther appeared as if formed by two collateral leaves, the faces looking
towards the circumference of the flower, and their margins so folded
together as to represent an open anther lobe (fig. 135). These cases are
apparently due, not to the formation and adhesion of two leaves, but
rather to the exuberant development of one leaf into two blades.[261]
The bearings of these and other similar malformations on the morphology
of the anther are alluded to under the head of petalody of the anther.

[Illustration: FIG. 135.--Phylloid anther of _Jatropha_, after Mueller
(Arg.).]

[Illustration: FIG. 136.--Leaf-like anther of _Jatropha Pohliana_, after
Mueller.]

Phyllody of the stamens has been most often observed in the following
plants:

Anemone nemorosa.
coronaria.
Delphinium crassicaule.
Nymphaea dentata.
Tropaeolum majus!
Dictamnus albus.
*Trifolium repens!
Torilis anthriscus.
Heracleum Sphondylium.
Daucus Carota
Epilobium hirsutum!
*Rosa, var. cult.!
Lonicera Periclymenum.
Anagallis arvensis.
Primula sinensis!
Petunia, var. cult.
Jatropha Pohliana.
Euphorbia goniculata.

In addition to the foregoing there are very numerous instances of
similar substitution in chloranthic flowers. In the above list only
those cases are given wherein the leafy change is confined to the
stamens, or, at least, to a few only of the other parts of the flower.

=Phyllody of the pistils.=[262]--This is of more common occurrence than
is the corresponding change in the case of the stamens. It is of
interest, as it