s Tables, Nos. 15, 37.) The
number in Virginia was 139; of which 117 were political, 13 religious, 3
literary, 6 miscellaneous; and the number of copies circulated in 1860
was 26,772,568. Thus, the annual circulation of the press in New York
was twelve times as great as that of Virginia. As to periodicals: New
York had 69 monthlies, of which 2 were political, 25 religious, 24
literary, and 18 miscellaneous; 10 quarterlies, of which 5 were
religious, and 5 literary; 6 annuals, of which 2 were political, 2
religious, and 2 miscellaneous. Virginia had 5 monthlies, of which 1 was
political, 2 religious, 1 literary, and 1 miscellaneous; and no
quarterlies or annuals. The annual circulation of the New York monthlies
was 2,045,000; that of Virginia was 43,900; or more than 43 to 1 in
favor of New York.

As regards schools, colleges, academies, libraries, and churches, I must
take the Census of 1850, those tables for 1860 not being yet arranged
and printed. The number of public schools in New York in 1850 was
11,580, teachers 13,965, pupils 675,221; colleges, academies, etc.,
pupils 52,001; attending school during the year, as returned by
families, 693,329; native adults of the State who cannot read or write,
23,341. Public libraries, 11,013; volumes, 1,760,820. Value of churches
$21,539,561. (Comp. Census, 1850.)

The number of public schools in Virginia in 1850 was 2,937, teachers
3,005, pupils 67,438; colleges, academies, etc., pupils 10,326;
attending school during the year, as returned by families, 109,775;
native white adults of the State who cannot read or write, 75,868.
Public libraries, 54; volumes, 88,462. Value of churches, $2,902,220.
(Compend. of Census of 1850.) By Table 155, same compend., the
percentage of native free population in Virginia over 20 years of age
who cannot read or write is 19.90, and in New York 1.87, in North
Carolina 30.34, in Maryland 11.10, in Massachusetts 0.32, or less than
one third of one per cent. In New England, the percentage of native
whites who cannot read or write is 0.42, or less than one half of one
per cent.; and in the Southern States 20.30, or 50 to 1 in favor of New
England. (Compend., Table 571.) But, if we take the whole adult
population of Virginia, including whites, free blacks, and slaves, 42.05
per cent., or nearly one half, cannot read or write; and in North
Carolina, more than one half cannot read or write. We have seen, by the
above official tables of the Census of