urse of 227
m. till its Junction with the Havel at Spandau; chief towns on its banks
are Bautzen, Kottbus, Luebben, and Berlin; is connected with the Oder by
the Frederick William Canal.

SPRENGEL, CARL, physician and botanist, born in Pomerania; held
professorship in Halle; wrote on the history of both medicine and botany
(1766-1833).

SPRENGER, ALOYS, eminent Orientalist, born in the Tyrol; studied in
Vienna; went to India in 1843, where he diligently occupied his mind in
study, and on his return in 1857 was appointed professor of Oriental
Languages at Bern, from which he was translated to Heidelberg; edited
Persian and Arabic works, and wrote the "Life and Doctrine of Mohammed";
_b_. 1813.

SPRINGFIELD, 1, capital (34) of Illinois, situated in a flourishing
coal district, 185 m. SW. of Chicago; has an arsenal, two colleges, and a
handsome marble capitol; coal-mining, foundries, and flour, cotton, and
paper mills are the chief industries; the burial-place of Abraham
Lincoln. 2, A nicely laid out and flourishing city (62) of Massachusetts,
capital of Hampden County, on the Connecticut River (spanned here by five
bridges), 99 m. W. by S. of Boston; settled in 1635; has important
manufactories of cottons, woollens, paper, and a variety of other
articles, besides the United States armoury. 3, Capital (22) of Greene
County, Missouri, 232 m. WSW. of St. Louis; has rapidly increasing
manufactories of cottons, woollens, machinery, &c.; in the vicinity was
fought the battle of Wilson's Creek, 10th August 1861. 4, Capital (38) of
Clark County, Ohio, on Lagonda Creek and Mad River, 80 m. NE. of
Cincinnati; is an important railway centre, and possesses numerous
factories of machinery, bicycles, paper, &c.

SPURGEON, CHARLES HADDON, a great preacher, born at Kelvedon, Essex;
had no college training; connected himself with the Baptists; commenced
as an evangelist at Cambridge when he was but a boy, and was only 17 when
he was appointed to a pastorate; by-and-by on invitation he settled in
Southwark, and held meetings which were always requiring larger and
larger accommodation; at length in 1861 the Metropolitan Tabernacle,
capable of accommodating 6000, was opened, where he drew about him large
congregations, and round which he, in course of time, established a
number of institutions in the interest at once of humanity and religion;
his pulpit addresses were listened to by thousands every Sunday, and were
one and all p