as a soldier, and went to America in the Mayflower in 1620,
and was helpful to the colony in its relations both with the Indians and
the mother-country; is the hero of a poem of Longfellow's.

STANFIELD, CLARKSON, English landscape-painter, born in Sunderland,
of Irish descent; began as a scene-painter; his first picture,
"Market-boats on the Scheldt," proving a success, he devoted himself to
easel-painting, and his principal works were "Wreckers off Fort Rouge,"
"A Calm at Sea," "The Abandoned," "The Bass Rock"; his frequent visits to
the Continent supplied him with fresh subjects; and Ruskin says of one of
his pictures, "it shows as much concentrated knowledge of the sea and sky
as, diluted, would have lasted any of the old masters for life"
(1793-1866).

STANHOPE, LADY HESTER LUCY, born at Chevening, Kent, the eldest
daughter of the third Earl of Stanhope, and niece of William Pitt; a
woman of unusual force of character and attractiveness; from 1803 to 1806
was, as the confidant and housekeeper of her uncle William Pitt, a leader
of society; retired with a Government pension after Pitt's death, but
impelled by her restless nature, led an unsettled life in Southern
Europe, and finally settled in Syria in 1814, making her home in the old
convent of Mar Elias, near Mount Lebanon, where, cut off from Western
civilisation, for 25 years she exercised a remarkable influence over the
rude tribes of the district; assumed the dress of a Mohammedan chief, and
something of the religion of Islam, and in the end came to look upon
herself as a sort of prophetess; interesting accounts of her strange life
and character have been published by her English physician, Dr. Madden,
and others (1776-1839).

STANHOPE, PHILIP HENRY, EARL, historian, born at Walmer, only son of
the fourth Earl of Stan hope; graduated at Oxford in 1827, and three
years later entered Parliament as a Conservative; held office as
Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs in Peel's Ministry of 1834-35, and as
Secretary to the Indian Board of Control during 1845-46; succeeded his
father in 1855, before which he was known by the courtesy title of Lord
Mahon; literature was his chief interest, and as a historian and
biographer he has a deservedly high reputation for industry and
impartial judgment; a "History of England from 1713 to 1783," a "History
of Spain under Charles II.," "Historical and Critical Essays," and Lives
of Pitt, Conde, and Belisarius, are his mos