ith its own patois, in Monaco. You would
never spot it in the somewhat Teutonic cosmopolitanism of the Condamine
and Monte Carlo tradesmen and hotel servants. It is not apparent in the
impassive _croupiers_ of the Casino. But within a few hundred yards, in
half a dozen streets and lanes, the physiognomy, the mentality, the
language of the people make you realize that regarding Monaco as a
separate country is not wholly a polite fiction to relieve the French
Government of the responsibility for the Casino. These people are
different, children as well as grown-ups. They are neither French nor
Italian, Provencal nor Catalan, but as distinct as mountain Basques are
from French and Spanish. It is not a racial group distinction, as with
the Basques. In blood, the Monegasques are affiliated to their Provencal
and Italian neighbors.

What one sees in the old town of Monaco is a confirmation of the
assertion of many historians that nationality, in our modern political
sense of the word, and patriotism, as a mass instinct shared by millions,
are phenomena of the nineteenth century. Steam transportation,
obligatory primary education, universal military service, are the factors
that have developed national consciousness, and the exigencies and
opportunities and advantages of the industrial era have furnished the
motive for binding people together in great political organisms. Today
if there were no outside interests working against the solidarity of
human beings leading a commonwealth existence in the same country, the
political organism would soon make the race rather than the race the
political organism.

San Remo and Menton and Monaco are Riviera towns all within a few miles
of each other. People of the same origin have three political
allegiances. In half an hour your automobile will traverse the
territories of three nations. Italians and French fight under different
flags and were within an ace of being lined against each other in the
war. Monegasques do not fight at all. Taxes and tariff boundaries,
schools and military obligations, make the differences between the three
peoples. Put them all under the same dispensation and where would be
your races?

In the old days the _raison d'etre_ of the principality was the power to
prey upon commerce. From their fortress on the promontory the Grimaldi
organized the Monegasques to levy tolls on passing ships. Italy was not
a united country. France had not yet exten