thereby
the strain will be much lessened.

Breechings are neither to be covered, blackened, nor rendered less
pliable in any way.

[Illustration: New 8 in. Gun of 6500 lbs. and Iron Carriage. Lith. by
J.F. Gedney, Washn. C.K. Stellwagen, del.]

BREECHINGS.

KEY:
A: LENGTH OF BREECHING WHEN CUT.
B: LENGTH OF BREECHING WHEN FINISHED.
C: CIRCUMFERENCE OF BREECHING.
D: Diameter.
E: Depth.
F: Radius of Score.
G: Diam. bolt-hole.
H: WEIGHT, INCLUDING THIMBLE.

--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----------------------+------+
| | | | THIMBLE. | |
CLASS | | | +-----------------------+ |
OF GUN. | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
--------------------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|Feet.|Feet.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.|Inch.| Lbs. |
_Pivot._ | | | | | | | | |
XI-inch | 38. | 32. | 10.5| 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 172. |
X-inch | 37.5| 31.5| 10. | 6. | 6. | 1.75| 2.05| 170. |
IX-inch | 34. | 28.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 110. |
100-pounder | 37.5| 31.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 130. |
60-pounder | 33. | 28. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 91. |
30-pounder | 27.5| 23.5| 7. | 5. | - | 1.2 | 1.55| 43. |
20-pounder | 26. | 21. | 6. | 4. | - | 1.0 | 1.55| 40. |
| | | | | | | | |
_Broadside._ | | | | | | | | |
XI-inch |38.0 | 32.0| 10.5| 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 172. |
X-inch |34.5 | 28.5| 10. | 6. | 4. | 1.75| 2.05| 160. |
IX-inch |31.5 | 25.5| 9.5| 6. | 3.6 | 1.6 | 2.05| 100. |
8-in. 63 cwt. |28. | 23.3| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 76. |
8-in. { 55 cwt.}|27. | 22.3| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 72. |
{6,500 lbs.}| | | | | | | | |
32-pounder 57 cwt. |28.5 | 24. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 76. |
32-pounder { 42 cwt.}|26. | 21.5| 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.55| 70. |
{4,500 lbs.}| | | | | | | | |
32-pounder 33 cwt. |23.5 | 19. | 8. | 5.5 | - | 1.3 | 1.5