14. Trogia--Gills venose, fold-like, channelled.

15. Panus--Gills corky, with acute edge.

16. Nyctalis--Veil universal; gills broad, often parasitic.

17. Schizophyllum--Gills corky, split longitudinally.

18. Xerotus--Gills tough, fold-like.

Therefore the gill-bearing fungi are known under the family name,
Agaricaceae, or more generally known as Agarics.

[Illustration: Figure 8.--Spore-print of Hypholoma sublatertium.]

This family is divided into five series, according to the color of their
spores. The spores when seen in masses possess certain colors, white,
rosy, rusty, purple-brown and black. Therefore the first and most
important part to be determined in locating a mushroom is to ascertain
the color of the spores. To do this, take a fresh, perfect, and fully
developed specimen, remove the stem from the cap. Place the cap with the
gills downward on the surface of dark velvety paper, if you suspect the
spores to be white. Invert a finger bowl or a bell glass over the cap to
keep the air from blowing the spores away. If the spores should be
colored, white paper should be used. If the specimen is left too long
the spore deposit will continue upward between the gills and it may
reach an eighth of an inch in height, in which case if great care is
taken in removing the cap there will be a perfect likeness of the gills
and also the color of the spores.

[Illustration: Figure 9.--Spore-print of a Flammula.]

There are two ways of making these spore prints quite permanent. First
take a piece of thin rice paper, muscilage it and allow it to dry, then
proceed as above. In this way the print will stand handling quite a
little. Another way, and that used to prepare the spore-prints in these
photographs, is to obtain the spore-print upon Japanese paper as in the
preceding method, then by an atomizer spray the print gently and
carefully with a fixative such as is used in fixing charcoal drawings.
Success in making spore-prints requires both time and care, but the
satisfaction they give is ample recompense for the trouble. It is more
difficult to obtain good prints from the white-spored mushrooms than
from those bearing colored spores, because it is hard to obtain a black
paper having a dull velvety surface, and the spores will not adhere well
to a smooth-finished, glossy paper. For the prints illustrated I am
indebted to Mrs. Blackford.

[Illustration: Figure 10.--Spore-print of a Boletus.]

If the pla