170

(B) _The Tang dynasty_ (A.D. 618-906)

1 Reforms and decentralization 172
2 Turkish policy 176
3 Conquest of Turkestan and Korea. Summit of power 177
4 The reign of the empress Wu: Buddhism and capitalism 179
5 Second blossoming of T'ang culture 182
6 Revolt of a military governor 184
7 The role of the Uighurs. Confiscation of the capital of the
monasteries 186
8 First successful peasant revolt. Collapse of the empire 189

_MODERN TIMES_

Chapter IX: THE EPOCH OF THE SECOND
DIVISION OF CHINA

(A) _The period of the Five Dynasties_ (906-960)

1 Beginning of a new epoch 195
2 Political situation in the tenth century 199
3 Monopolistic trade in South China. Printing and paper
money in the north 200
4 Political history of the Five Dynasties 202

(B) _Period of Moderate Absolutism_

(1) _The Northern Sung dynasty_

1 Southward expansion 208
2 Administration and army. Inflation 210
3 Reforms and Welfare schemes 215
4 Cultural situation (philosophy, religion, literature, painting) 217
5 Military collapse 221

(2) _The Liao (Kitan) dynasty in the north_ (937-1125)

1 Sociological structure. Claim to the Chinese imperial
throne 222
2 The State of the Kara-Kitai 223

(3) _The Hsi-Hsia State in the north_ (1038-1227)

1 Continuation of Turkish traditions 224

(4) _The empire of the Southern Sung dynasty_ (1127-1279)

1 Foundation 225
2 Internal situation 226
3 Cultural situation; reasons for the collapse 227

(5) _The empire of the Juchen in the north_ (1115-1234)

1 Rapid expansion from northern Korea to the Yangtze 229
2 United front of all Chinese 229
3 Start of