209
_Museum fuer Voelkerkunde, Berlin. No. 1B 4524, illustration
B 408._

12 Ancient tiled pagoda at Chengting (Hopei). 224
_Photo H. Hammer-Morrisson._

13 Horse-training. Painting by Li Lung-mien. Late Sung
period. 225
_Manchu Royal House Collection._

14 Aborigines of South China, of the "Black Miao" tribe,
at a festival. China-ink drawing of the eighteenth
century. 272
_Collection of the Museum fuer Voelkerkunde, Berlin. No. 1D
8756, 68._

15 Pavilion on the "Coal Hill" at Peking, in which the last
Ming emperor committed suicide. 273
_Photo Eberhard._

16 The imperial summer palace of the Manchu rulers, at
Jehol. 288
_Photo H. Hammer-Morrisson._

17 Tower on the city wall of Peking. 289
_Photo H. Hammer-Morrisson._

MAPS

1 Regions of the principal local cultures in prehistoric
times 13

2 The principal feudal States in the feudal epoch (roughly
722-481 B.C.) 39

3 China in the struggle with the Huns or Hsiung-nu
(roughly 128-100 B.C.) 87

4 The Toba empire (about A.D. 500) 141

5 The T'ang realm (about A.D. 750) 171

6 The State of the Later T'ang dynasty (923-935) 205

INTRODUCTION

There are indeed enough Histories of China already: why yet another one?
Because the time has come for new departures; because we need to clear
away the false notions with which the general public is constantly being
fed by one author after another; because from time to time syntheses
become necessary for the presentation of the stage reached by research.

Histories of China fall, with few exceptions, into one or the other of
two groups, pro-Chinese and anti-Chinese: the latter used to
predominate, but today the former type is much more frequently found. We
have no desire to show that China's history is the most glorious or her
civilization the oldest in the world. A claim to the longest history
does not establish the greatness of a civilization; the importance of a
civilizati