Froude, "that the condition of the people
in Mediaeval Europe was as miserable as is pretended. I do not believe
that the distribution of the necessaries of life was as unequal as it
is at present. If the tenant lived hard, the lord had little luxury.
Earls and countesses breakfasted at five in the morning, on salt beef
and herring, a slice of bread and a draught of ale from a blackjack.
Lords and servants dined in the same hall and shared the same meal."

'When we arrive at the system that displaced Feudalism, we find that
the condition of the workers was better in every way than it is at
present. The instruments of production--the primitive machinery and
the tools necessary for the creation of wealth--belonged to the skilled
workers who used them, and the things they produced were also the
property of those who made them.

'In those days a master painter, a master shoemaker, a master saddler,
or any other master tradesmen, was really a skilled artisan working on
his own account. He usually had one or two apprentices, who were
socially his equals, eating at the same table and associating with the
other members of his family. It was quite a common occurrence for the
apprentice--after he had attained proficiency in his work--to marry his
master's daughter and succeed to his master's business. In those days
to be a "master" tradesman meant to be master of the trade, not merely
of some underpaid drudges in one's employment. The apprentices were
there to master the trade, qualifying themselves to become master
workers themselves; not mere sweaters and exploiters of the labour of
others, but useful members of society. In those days, because there
was no labour-saving machinery the community was dependent for its
existence on the productions of hand labour. Consequently the majority
of the people were employed in some kind of productive work, and the
workers were honoured and respected citizens, living in comfort on the
fruits of their labour. They were not rich as we understand wealth
now, but they did not starve and they were not regarded with contempt,
as are their successors of today.

'The next great change came with the introduction of steam machinery.
That power came to the aid of mankind in their struggle for existence,
enabling them to create easily and in abundance those things of which
they had previously been able to produce only a bare sufficiency. A
wonderful power--equalling and surpassing the marv