as: "Why not touch on the extraordinary proportion of land
owned by the Imperial Household and also by the State for military
purposes?"

[274] In driving through what seemed to be one of the best streets in
Sapporo, I noticed that some exceptionally large houses were the
dwellings of the registered prostitutes. Each house had a large
ground-floor window. Before it was a barrier about a yard high which
cleared the ground, leaving a space of about another yard. Such of the
public as were interested were able, therefore, to peer in without
being identified from the street, for only their legs and feet were
visible. In Tokyo and elsewhere this exhibition of girls to the public
has ceased. The place of the girls is taken by enlarged framed
photographs. I found on enquiry that the Sapporo houses are so well
organised as to have their proprietors' association. At a little town
like Obihiro an edifice was pointed out to me containing fifty or more
women.

[275] The classification is 101,671 Protestants, 75,983 Roman
Catholics and 36,265 Greek Church.

[276] "'Spade farming' is an apt designation of the system of farming
or rather of cultivation, for little is done in the way of raising
stock."--PROFESSOR YOKOI.

[277] See Appendix XXX.

[278] But surely the basic reason against a large emigration of
farmers and artisans to Formosa, or to Manchuria, Mongolia or Korea,
with the intention of working at their callings, is that the standard
of living is lower there? The chief attraction of America and
Australasia is that the standard of living is higher. The question of
over-population must be considered in relation to the facts in
Appendices XXV, XXX and LXXX, and on page 331. It is not established
that the Japanese have now, or are likely to have in the near future,
a pressing need to emigrate.

[279] See Appendix LXXII.

[280] See Appendix LXXIII.

[281] See Appendix LXXIV.

[282] Between 1909 and 1918 the average area of holdings rose from
1.03 to 1.09 _cho_ or from 2.52 to 2.67 acres or 1.02 to 1.08
hectares.

[283] There were in 1919 some 13,000 co-operative societies of all
sorts. The number increases about 500 a year.

[284] For rise in production per _tan_, see Appendix LXXV.

[285] See Appendix LXXVI.

[286] See Appendix LXXVII.

[287] See Appendix LXXVIII.

[288] See, for example, C.V. Sale in the _Transactions of the Society
of Arts_, 1907, and J.M. McCaleb in the _Transactions of the Asiatic
Soci