70 yen
only. The shrubs grown to produce bark for paper making are _kozo_
(the paper mulberry), _mitsumata_ (_Edgworthia chrysantha_) and
_gampi_ (_Wilkstroemia sikokiana_). Someone has also hit on the idea
of turning the bark of the ordinary mulberry to use in paper making.

LIBRARIES, THE PRESS AND THE CENSORSHIP [LI]. There are 1,200
libraries in the country with 4 million books and 8 million visitors
in the year. About 47,000 books are published in a year, of which less
than half, probably, are original works. From one to two hundred are
translations, usually condensed translations. The largest number deal
with politics. There are about 3,000 newspapers and periodicals. In
1917 some 1,200 issues of newspapers and periodicals attracted the
attention of the censor and the sale of 600 books was prohibited. Some
sixty foreign books were stopped.

JAPANESE IN BRAZIL [LII]. Emigration to South America has latterly
been arrested through the rise in wages at home. During the past four
years an average of about 3,000 families has gone every twelve months
to Brazil, where about a quarter of a million acres are owned and
leased by Japanese. The Japanese Government spends 100,000 yen a year
on giving a grant of 50 yen to each emigrating family up to 2,000 in
number, through the Overseas Colonisation Company. The Brazilian
Government also offers a gratuity.

CATTLE KEEPING IN SOUTH-WESTERN JAPAN [LIII]. Tajima, the old province
which comprises about four counties in Tottori, is a large supplier of
"Kobe beef," but it is a cattle-feeding not a grazing district. The
number of cattle in Hyogo is double the cattle population of Tottori,
but no cattle keeper has more than a score of beasts. The usual thing
is for farmers to have two or three apiece. Some of the "Kobe beef"
comes from the prefectures of Hiroshima and Okayama. It is in the
north of Japan, where the people are not so thick on the ground and
cultivation is less intense, that cattle production has its best
chance.

VALUE OF LAND [LIV]. The value of land in the hill-village in which I
stayed necessarily varied, but the average price of paddy was given me
as 250 yen per _tan_. Dry land was half that. Open hill land, that is
the so-called grass land, might be worth 120 yen. The rise in values
which has taken place is illustrated by the following table of
farm-land values per _tan_ in 1919, published by the Bank of Japan:

--------------------------------------