Strictly speaking, the last two groups, demonstratives and
indefinites, are adjectives used as pronouns. Certain pronouns
are also used as adjectives, notably the =possessives= (_my_,
_his_, _their_, etc.) and the relative or interrogative _which_
and _what_. The addition of _-self_ to a personal pronoun forms
a =reflexive pronoun= or =intensive= (I blamed _myself_. You
_yourself_ are at fault). A noun for which the pronoun stands
is called the =antecedent=. The uses of pronouns are in general
the same as those of nouns. In addition, relatives serve as
connectives (the man _who_ spoke), interrogatives ask questions
(_what_ man?), and demonstratives point out (_that_ man).

=Verb.= A verb is a word or word-group which makes an assertion
about the subject. It may express either action or mere
existence. It may be =transitive= (_trans_ meaning "across";
hence action carried across, requiring a receiver of the act;
Brutus _stabbed_ Caesar; Caesar is _stabbed_) or =intransitive=
(not requiring a receiver of the act: Montgomery _fell_). Its
meaning is dependent upon its voice, mode, and tense. Voice
shows the relationship between the subject and the assertion
made by the verb. The =active voice= shows the subject as actor
(They _elected_ Washington); the =passive voice=, as acted upon
(Washington _was elected_). (A transitive verb may be active or
passive, but an intransitive verb has no voice.) Mode indicates
the manner of predicating an action, whether as assertion,
condition, command, etc. There are three modes in English. The
=indicative mode= affirms or denies (He _went_. She _did not
dance_.) The =subjunctive= expresses condition or wish (If he
_were_ older, he would be wiser. Would that I _were_ there!).
The =imperative= expresses command or exhortation (_Remain_
there. _Go!_ _Let_ us pray). =Modal auxiliaries= with these three
modes form =modal aspects= of the verb. There are as many
different aspects as there are auxiliaries. Aspects are
sometimes spoken of as separate modes or called collectively
the "potential mode." Tense expresses the time of the action or
existence. The tenses are the =present=, the =past=, the =future=
(employing the auxiliaries _shall_ and _will_), the =perfect=
(employing _have_), the =past perfect= (employing _ha