est,
is also the best liked," _being oldest_ refers exclusively, or
almost exclusively, to the subject and is therefore adjectival.
In such sentences as "He fell back, exhausted" and "Running
down the street, I collided with a baby carriage," the
participle refers in part to the verb and is therefore
adverbial as well as adjectival.

=Phrase.= A group of words forming a subordinate part of a
sentence and not containing a subject and its verb. Examples:
_With a whistle and a roar_ the train arrived [prepositional
phrase]. _Bowing his head_, the prisoner listened to the
verdict of the jury [participial phrase]. In a loose,
untechnical sense _phrase_ may refer to any short group of
words, even if the group includes a subject and its verb.

=Predicate.= The word or word-group in a sentence which makes an
assertion about the subject. It consists of a finite verb with
or without objects or modifiers.

=Predicate adjective.= An adjective in the predicate, usually
linked with the subject by some form of the verb _to be_ (_is_,
_was_, _were_, etc.). (John is _lazy_. The soldiers were very
_eager_.)

=Predicate noun.= A noun linked with the subject by some form of
the verb _to be_. (John is _halfback._ They were our
_neighbors._)

=Sentence.= A sentence is a group of words containing (1) a
subject (with or without modifiers) and a predicate (with or
without modifiers) and not grammatically dependent on any words
outside of itself; or (2) two or more such expressions related
in thought. Sentences of type 1 are simple or complex;
sentences of type 2 are compound. A =simple sentence= contains
one independent clause (The dog barks angrily). A =complex
sentence= contains one independent clause and one or more
subordinate clauses (The dog barks when the thief appears). A
=compound sentence= contains two or more independent clauses (The
dog barks, and the thief runs).

=Substantive.= A noun or a word standing in place of a noun. (The
_king_ summoned _parliament_. The _bravest_ are the
_tenderest_. _She_ was inconsolable.) A =substantive phrase= is a
phrase used as a noun. (_From Dan to Beersheba_ is a term for
the whole of Israel.) A =substantive clause= is a clause used as
a noun. (_That he owed the money_ is certain.)

=Sy