es represented among slaves, 49;
mutual benefit organizations, 51-52, 63;
population (1860), 56;
education, 57;
religion, 57;
as farmers, 59-60;
advance, 64;
characteristics shown by neglected gardens, 64-65;
bibliography, 236-37;
_see also_ Africans, Slavery, Slave trade

Nevada, vote for Garfield (1880), 197 (note)

New Amsterdam, Jews come to, 16

New Bedford, Portuguese in, 184

New Bern, Germans in, 127

New England, English settle, 5-6;
dissenters found, 8;
Scotch-Irish leave, 11;
Dutch and, 17;
Madison on population of, 34;
slavery, 51;
"Underground Railway" in, 54;
capital in slave trade, 56;
Montenegrins and Serbians in, 171;
Portuguese in, 184;
abandoned farms, 209;
Poles in, 213;
Slavs in, 214;
racial changes in mills, 215-16

_New Era_ founded by McGee, 121 (note)

New Hampshire, Shakers in, 91

New Harmony (Ind.), Rapp's colony, 74-75;
sold to Robert Owen, 75;
Owen's colony, 94-96

New Jersey, English settle, 5;
not represented in first census, 25;
census computations for 1790, 28-29;
Germans in, 127;
racial changes in manufacturing towns, 216

New Netherland, 17

New Orleans, Spain acquires, 18;
Icarians in, 99;
Irish in, 113;
Dalmatians in, 171;
Italians in, 180, 211

New York (State), Germans in, 14;
French in, 15;
Jews in, 16;
western part settled, 33;
migration through, 36;
slavery, 50-51;
"Underground Railway" in, 54;
and slave trade, 56;
negroes in, 62;
Shakers in, 91;
Scotch and English in, 151;
Norwegians in, 155;
Poles in, 167;
Russians in, 169;
Italian farmers, 212;
racial changes in manufacturing towns, 216;
State relief for immigrants, 224

New York City, French in, 16;
cosmopolitanism, 18-19;
Irish in, 108, 109, 113;
Tammany Hall, 116;
Germans in, 127;
Poles in, 167 (note);
Croatians in, 172;
Hungarian Jews, 178;
Russian Jews, 179;
Italians, 180;
_see also_ Manhattan

_New York Nation_, McGee establishes, 120 (note)

New Zealand, deflects migration to United States, 150

Newfoundland, Irish come through, 109

Newspapers, German, 139, 142-144;
Scandinavian, 158;
Slovak, 169

"Niagara Movement," 63

Norsemen, _see_ Scandinavians

North, colonies settled by townfolk, 7-8;
negroes in, 55;
negro laborers, 62

North Carolina, Germans in, 127

Northwest, Scandinavians in, 156;
_see also_ names of States

N