orthwest Territory, slavery forbidden in, 51

Norwegians, number in America, 154;
character, 154;
lead Scandinavian migration, 155;
_see also_ Scandinavians

Noyes, J.H., 92, 93

Oberholtzer, _History of the United States since the Civil War_,
cited, 120 (note), 148 (note), 149 (note)

Ohio, admitted as State (1802), 33;
western migration through, 36;
"Underground Railway" in, 54;
negroes in, 62;
Zoar colony, 78-80;
Germans in, 134;
Scotch and English in, 151;
French in, 151-52;
Swiss in, 153;
Slovenians in, 173;
Italian farmers, 212;
Poles in, 213;
racial changes in coal regions of, 219

Ohio River, French on, 18

Oklahoma, Bohemians in, 159;
Slavs in, 213

Old Elmspring Community, 89

Olsen, Jonas, 87, 88

Omaha, Italians in, 180

Oneida Community, 92-93

Orange County (N.Y.), Polish settlement, 213

Ordinance of 1787, 51

Oregon, acquisition of (1846), 33, 147;
Scandinavians in, 156;
Japanese in, 203

Orientals, 188 _et seq._;
_see also_ Chinese, Indians, East, Japanese

Otis, General, 202

Owen, Robert, 75, 93-96, 98

Ozark Mountains, Italians in, 211

Palatinate, peasants come to America from, 14

Penn, William, 71

Pennsylvania, English settle, 5;
Scotch-Irish in, 11-12;
Welsh in, 13;
Germans in, 13, 14, 126-27;
Dutch in, 14;
Jews in, 17;
cosmopolitan character, 19;
western part settled, 33;
slavery, 51;
negroes in, 62;
Dunkards in, 70;
Poles in, 167;
Russians in, 169;
Croatians in, 172;
Slovenians in, 173;
Lithuanians in, 175;
Italian farmers, 212;
landward movement of Slavs in, 213-14;
racial changes, 216, 218-19

Pennsylvania Philosophical Society,
Pietists' astrological instruments in collection of, 70

Petrosino, Lieutenant Joseph, murdered, 231

Peysel, _see_ Beissel

Philadelphia, Welsh near, 13;
cosmopolitan character, 18;
negroes arrested, 51;
Ephrata draws pupils from, 71;
Irish immigrant association, 109;
Irish in, 113;
Italians in, 180

Philippines, Chinese exclusion, 202

Pietists, 69-70

Pine Lake (Wis.), Swedish colony, 155

Pittsburgh, "Boat Load of Knowledge" from, 94

Poles, in America, 160, 167-69, 213, 214-15, 217;
as North Slavs, 164

Politics, foreigners in, 42;
Irish in, 116, 117;
Germans in, 139, 144;
Bohemians in, 166;
Chinese as issue, 193;
selective immigration as issue (1892), 226-27

Population, increase in, 32