XXIII

THE CRUSADES AS AN EDUCATIONAL MOVEMENT 136

1. Causes of the crusades. 2. The most important crusades.
3. Summary of their educational value.

CHAPTER XXIV

THE RISE OF THE UNIVERSITIES 139

1. What led to their establishment. 2. The most important
early universities. 3. Their privileges. 4. Their influence.

CHAPTER XXV

MOHAMMEDAN EDUCATION 143

1. History of Mohammedanism. 2. The five Moslem precepts.
3. Education. 4. What the Mohammedans accomplished for
science. 5. General summary of education during the Middle
Ages.

CHAPTER XXVI

THE RENAISSANCE 148

1. The great revival. 2. Principles proclaimed. 3. The movement
in Italy. 4. In Germany. 5. Summary of the benefits of the
Renaissance to education.

CHAPTER XXVII

HUMANISTIC EDUCATORS 155

1. Revival of the classics their purpose. 2. Dante. 3. Petrarch.
4. Boccaccio. 5. Agricola. 6. Reuchlin. 7. Erasmus. 8. Pedagogy
of Erasmus.

CHAPTER XXVIII

THE REFORMATION AS AN EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCE 164

1. Conditions at the beginning of the sixteenth century. 2. The
invention of printing. 3. The rulers of the leading countries.
4. Intellectual conditions. 5. Luther. 6. Luther's pedagogy.
7. Melanchthon.

CHAPTER XXIX

OTHER PROTESTANT EDUCATORS 174

1. Sturm. 2. The _Gymnasium_ at Strasburg. 3. The celebrated
course of study. 4. Trotzendorf. 5. Neander.

CHAPTER XXX

THE JESUITS AND THEIR EDUCATION 182

1. The order. 2. Loyola. 3. Growth of the society. 4. Jesuit
education. 5. Use of emulation. 6. Estimate of their educational
work. 7. Summary. 8. The Port Royalists.

CHAPTER XXXI

OTHER EDUCATORS OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 190

1. Roger Ascham. 2. Double translating. 3. Rabelais. 4. First
appearance of realism in instruction. 5. Montaigne. 6. Summary
of progress during the sixteenth century.

CHAPTER XXXII

EDUCATION DURING THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 200

1. Political and historical conditions. 2. The educational situation.
3. Compulsory education. 4. The Innovators.

CHAPTER XXXIII

EDUCATO