dinal
point is 90 deg. from the one immediately adjacent to it. It is also 8
points from the one adjacent to it, as 90 deg. is 8 points, i.e., 11-1/4 deg.
(one point) times 8. Midway between the cardinal points are the
inter-cardinal points. They are--N E, S E, S W, N W, and are 45 deg. or 4
points from the nearest cardinal point. Midway between each cardinal and
inter-cardinal point--at an angular distance of 22-1/2 deg. or 2 points, is
a point named by combining a cardinal point with an inter-cardinal
point. For instance, NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW, WSW, WNW, NNW. Midway
between the last points named and a cardinal or inter-cardinal point, at
an angular distance of 11-1/4 deg., is a point which bears the name of that
cardinal or inter-cardinal point joined by the word _by_ to that of the
cardinal point nearest to it. As, for instance, N by E, E by N, E by S,
S by E, S by W, W by S, W by N, N by W. Also NE x N, NE x E, SE x E, SE
x S, SW x S, SW x W, NW x W, NW x N. The angular distance between each
and every whole point is divided into 4 parts called half and quarter
points and each representing an angular measure of approximately 2 deg. 49'.
In mentioning fractional points, the U. S. Navy regulations are to name
each point from North and South toward East and West except that
divisions adjacent to a cardinal or inter-cardinal point are always
referred to that point: For instance, N 1/2 E, N x E 1/2 E, NE 1/2 N, NW
1/2 N, NW 1/4 W, NW 3/4 W, NW 1/4 N.

Boxing the compass is naming each point and quarter-point in rotation,
i.e., starting at North and going around to the right back to North
again. Every man should be able to identify and name any point or
quarter-point on the compass card.

In changing a point course into a degree course, for either new or old
compass, a guide is herewith furnished you. This should be pasted into
the front of your Bowditch Epitome. It shows, from left to right, the
name of the point course, its angular measure in the new compass and its
angular measure in the old compass. It also shows at the bottom, the
angular measure of each division of one point. In understanding this
guide, remember that each course is expressed in degrees or degrees and
minutes.

Put in your Note-Book:

In Navigation, each degree is written thus deg.. Each fraction of a degree
is expressed in minutes and written thus '. There are 60' in each
degree. Each fraction of a minute is expressed in seconds and is writte