FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35  
36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   >>   >|  
correspond with the depths marked are called _marks_. All other depths are called _deeps_. The hand lead is marked as follows: 2 fathoms--2 strips of leather. 3 fathoms--3 strips of leather or blue rag. 5 fathoms--A white rag. 7 fathoms--A red rag. 10 fathoms--A piece of leather with one hole in it. 13 fathoms--Same as at 3. 15 fathoms--Same as at 5. 17 fathoms--Same as at 7. 20 fathoms--2 knots or piece of leather with 2 holes. 25 fathoms--1 knot. 30 fathoms--3 knots. 35 fathoms--1 knot. 40 fathoms--4 knots. And so on up to 100 fathoms. The large hand leads are hollowed out on the lower end so that an "arming" of tallow can be put in. This will bring up a specimen of the bottom, which should be compared with the description found on the chart. All up-to-date sea-going ships should be fitted with Sir William Thompson's Sounding Machine (see picture in B. J. Manual). This machine consists of a cylinder around which are wound about 300 fathoms of piano wire. To the end of this is attached a heavy lead. An index on the side of the instrument records the number of fathoms of wire paid out. Above the lead is a copper cylindrical case in which is placed a glass tube open only at the bottom and chemically colored inside. The pressure of the sea forces water up into this tube, as it goes down, a distance proportionate to the depth, and the color is removed. When hoisted, the tube is laid upon a prepared scale, and the height to which the water has been forced inside shows the depth in fathoms on the scale. DIVIDERS The dividers are nothing but an instrument for measuring distances, etc., on the chart. THE LOG There are two kinds of logs--the chip log, used for measuring the speed of the ship, and the patent log, used for measuring distance run. The chip log consists of a reel, line, toggle and chip. Usually a second glass is used for measuring time. The chip is the triangular piece of wood ballasted with lead to ride point up. The toggle is a little wooden case into which a peg, joining the ends of the two lower lines of the bridle, is set in such a way that a jerk on the line will free it, causing the log to lie flat so that it can be hauled in. The first 10 or 15 fathoms of line from the log-chip are called "stray line," and the end of this is distinguished by a mark of red bunting. Its purpose is to let the chip get clear of the vessel's wake. The marks on the line
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   11   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27   28   29   30   31   32   33   34   35  
36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54   55   56   57   58   59   60   >>   >|  



Top keywords:

fathoms

 
measuring
 

leather

 
called
 

depths

 

instrument

 

toggle

 

consists

 

marked

 

bottom


distance

 

inside

 
strips
 

hoisted

 

distances

 

DIVIDERS

 
forced
 

dividers

 
prepared
 

height


causing
 

hauled

 

purpose

 

bunting

 

distinguished

 

bridle

 

triangular

 

ballasted

 

Usually

 

patent


removed

 

joining

 

wooden

 
vessel
 
specimen
 

tallow

 

arming

 
hollowed
 

compared

 

description


fitted

 

William

 

correspond

 

Thompson

 

Sounding

 
copper
 

cylindrical

 
records
 

number

 

proportionate