al story of the play; (2) minor
incidents and happenings, as Caesar's falling-sickness, the omens before
his death, and the writings thrown in Brutus's way; (3) touches of
detail, as in the description of Cassius's "lean and hungry look" and of
Antony's tastes and personal habits; and (4) noteworthy expressions,
phrases, and single words, as in III, ii, 240-241, 246-248; IV, iii, 2;
IV, iii, 178; V, i, 80-81; V, iii, 109.

On the other hand, Shakespeare's alteration of Plutarchian material is
along the lines of (1) idealization, as in the characters of Brutus and
Cassius; (2) amplification, as in the use Antony makes of Caesar's rent
and bloody mantle; and (3) simplification and compression of the action
for dramatic effect, as in making Caesar's triumph take place at the
time of "the feast of Lupercal," in the treatment of the quarrel between
Brutus and Cassius, which in Plutarch lasts for two days, and in making
the two battles of Philippi occur on the same day. See note, p. 159, ll.
109-110. See also below, The Scene of the Assassination.

2. _Appian's Roman Wars._ In 1578 there was published in London an
English translation of the extant portions of Appian's _History of the
Roman Wars both Civil and Foreign_, with the interesting title page
shown in facsimile on page xi.

[Illustration:

AN AVNCIENT
Historie and exquisite Chronicle
_of the Romanes warres, both_
Ciuile and Foren.

Written in Greeke by the noble Orator and Historiographer,
_Appian_ of _Alexandria_, one of the learned
Counsell to the most mightie Emperoures,
_Traiane_ and _Adriane_

In the which is declared:

_Their greedy desire conquere others.
Their mortall malice to destroy themselves.
Their seeking of matters to make warre abroad.
Their picking of quarels to fall out at home.
All the degrees of Sedition, and the effects of Ambition.
A firme determination of Fate, thorowe all the changes of Fortune.
And finally, an evident demonstration, That peoples rule must give
place, and Princes power prevayle._

With a continuation, bicause that parte
of _Appian_ is not extant, from the death of _Sextus
Pompeius_, second sonne to _Pompey_ the Great,
_till the overthrow of_ Antonie _and_ Cleopatra,
after the vvhich time, _Octavianus Caesar_,
had the Lordship of all, alone.

[Greek: Basilidi chratiste, despotidi t' epieikestate]

IMPRINTED AT LONDON
_by Raufe Newbery, and_