ailed from the Yenisej to the Atlantic was a sloop, _The Dawn_,
built at Yeniseisk, commanded by the Russian merchant captain,
Schwanenberg, in 1877. ]

[Footnote 3: In order to obtain sufficient room for coal and
provisions most of these tanks were taken out at Karlskrona. ]

[Footnote 4: The consumption of coal, however, was reckoned by
Captain Palander at twelve cubic feet or 0.3 cubic metre an hour,
with a speed of seven knots. ]

[Footnote 5: The preserved provisions were purchased part from Z.
Wikstroem of Stockholm, part from J.D. Beauvois of Copenhagen. ]

[Footnote 6: The potatoes were to be delivered at Gothenburg on the
1st July. In order to keep, they had to be newly taken up and yet
_ripe_. They were therefore procured from the south through Mr. Carl
W. Boman of Stockholm. Of these, certainly one of the best of all
anti-scorbutics, we had still some remaining on our arrival at
Japan. ]

[Footnote 7: A carefully written account of these voyages will be
found in _Reise des Kaiserlich-russischen Flotten-Lieutenants
Ferdinand von Wrangel laengs der Nordkueste von Siberien und auf dem
Eismeere_, 1820-1824, bearbeitet von G. Engelhardt, Berlin, 1839;
and G.P. Mueller, _Voyages et Decouvertes faites par les Russes le
long des Cotes de la Mer Glaciale_, &c. Amsterdam: 1766. ]

[Footnote 8: Th. von Middendorff, _Reise in dem aeussersten Norden
und Osten Siberiens_, vol. iv. I., pages 21 and 508 (1867). ]

[Footnote 9: Compare von Middendorff, _Reise im Norden u. Osten
Siberiens_ (1848), part i., page 59, and a paper by von Baer, _Ueber
das Klima des Tajmurlandes_. ]

[Footnote 10: The map bears the title, "Nouvelle carte des decouvertes
faites par des vaisseaux Russiens, etc., dressee sur des memoires
authentiques de ceux qui ont assiste a ces decouvertes, et sur d'autres
connaissances dont on rend raison dans un memoire separe. St.
Petersbourg a l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences, 1758." ]

[Footnote 11: Pretty broad, flat-bottomed, keelless vessels, 12
fathoms long, generally moved forward by rowing; sail only used with
fair wind (_Wrangels Reise_, p. 4). ]

[Footnote 12: Wrangel's own journeys were carried out during winter,
with dog sledges on the ice, and, however interesting in many other
respects, do not yield any other direct contribution to our
knowledge of the state of the ice in summer and autumn. ]

[Footnote 13: This is a common name for the many Russian expeditions
which, during the years