at the end.

CONTENTS OF VOL. I.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I.

Departure--Tromsoe--Members of the Exhibition--Stay at
Maosoe--Limit of Trees--Climate--Scurvy and Antiscorbutics--The
first doubling of North Cape--Othere's account of his
Travels--Ideas concerning the Geography of Scandinavia current
during the first half of the sixteenth century--The oldest Maps
of the North--Herbertstein's account of Istoma's voyage--Gustaf
Vasa and the North-East Passage--Willoughby and Chancellor's
voyages.

CHAPTER II.

Departure from Maosoe--Gooseland--State of the Ice--The Vessels of
the Expedition assemble at Chabarova--The Samoyed town there--The
Church--Russians and Samoyeds--Visit to Chabarova in 1875--Purchase
of Samoyed Idols--Dress and dwellings of the Samoyeds--Comparison of
the Polar Races--Sacrificial Places and Samoyed Grave on Waygats
Island visited--Former accounts of the Samoyeds--Their place in
Ethnography.

CHAPTER III.

From the Animal World of Novaya Zemlya--The Fulmar Petrel--The
Rotge or Little Auk--Bruennich's Guillemot--The Black Guillemot--The
Arctic Puffin--The Gulls--Richardson's Skua--The Tern--Ducks and
Geese--The Swan--Waders--The Snow Bunting--The Ptarmigan--The Snowy
Owl--The Reindeer--The Polar Bear--The Arctic Fox--The
Lemming--Insects--The Walrus--The Seal--Whales.

CHAPTER IV.

The Origin of the names Yugor Schar and Kara Sea--Rules for
Sailing through Yugor Schar--The "Highest Mountain" on
Earth--Anchorages--Entering the Kara Sea--Its Surroundings--The
Inland-ice of Novaya Zemlya--True Icebergs rare in certain parts
of the Polar Sea--The Natural Conditions of the Kara Sea--Animals,
Plants, Bog-ore--Passage across the Kara Sea--The Influence of
the Ice on the Sea-bottom--Fresh-water Diatoms on Sea-ice--Arrival
at Port Dickson--Animal Life there--Settlers and Settlements at
the Mouth of the Yenisej--The Flora at Port
Dickson--Evertebrates--Excursion to White Island--Yalmal--Previous
Visits--Nummelin's Wintering on the Briochov Islands.

CHAPTER V.

The history of the North-east Passage from 1556 to 1878--Burrough,
1556--Pet and Jackman, 1580--The first voyage of the Dutch,
1594--Oliver Brunel--The second voyage, 1595--The third voyage,
1596--Hudson, 1608--Gourdon, 1611--Bosman, 1625--De la Martiniere,
1653--Vlamingh, 1664--Snobberger, 1675--Roule reaches a land north of
Novaya Zemlya--Wood and Flawes, 1676--Discussion in England
concerning the state of the ice in