erent kinds of sea-ice--Renewed attempt to leave the
open channel along the coast--Lighthouse Island--Voyage along the
coast to Cape Schelagskoj--Advance delayed by ice, shoals, and
fog--First meeting with the Chukches--Landing and visits to Chukch
villages--Discovery of abandoned encampments--Trade with the natives
rendered difficult by the want of means of exchange--Stay at
Irkaipij--Onkilon graves--Information regarding the Onkilon
race--Renewed contact with the Chukches--Kolyutschin Bay--American
statements regarding the state of the ice north of Behring's
Straits--The _Vega_ beset.

CHAPTER X.

Wintering becomes necessary--The position of the _Vega_--The ice
round the vessel--American ship in the neighbourhood of the _Vega_
when frozen in--The nature of the neighbouring country--The _Vega_
is prepared for wintering--Provision-depot and observatories
established on land--The winter dress--Temperature on board--Health
and dietary--Cold, wind, and snow--The Chukches on board--Menka's
visit--Letters sent home--Nordquist and Hovgaard's excursion to
Menka's encampment--Another visit of Menka--The fate of the
letters--Nordquist's journey to Pidlin--_Find_ of a Chukch
grave--Hunting--Scientific work--Life on board--Christmas Eve.

PORTRAITS.

Engraved on Steel by G.J. Stodart of London.

King Oscar II

Oscar Dickson

Alexander Sibiriakoff

LITHOGRAPHED MAPS.

1. Map of North Europe, from Nicholas Donis's edition of Ptolemy's
_Cosmographia_, Ulm, 1482

2. Map of the North, from Jakob Ziegler's _Schondia_, Strassburg, 1532

3. Map of North. Europe from _Olai Magni Historia de gentium
septentrionalium variis conditionibus_, Basil, 1567

4. Map of Port Dickson, by G. Bove. Map of Cape Bolvan on Vaygats
Island, by the author. The _Lena's_ cruise in Malygin Sound, by
A. Hovgaard. Map of Cape Chelyuskin, by G. Bove

5. Map showing Barents' Third Voyage, from _J.L. Pontani Rerum et urbis
Amstelodamensium historia_, Amst., 1611

6. Russian Map of the North Polar Sea from the beginning of the 17th
century, published in Holland in 1612 by Isaac Massa

7. Sketch-Map of Taimur Sound; Map of Actinia Bay, both by G. Bove

8. Map of the River System of Siberia

LIST OF WOOD-CUTS IN VOL I.

_The wood-cuts, when not otherwise stated below, were engraved at
Herr Wilhelm Meyer's Xylographic Institute in Stockholm._

1. The _Vega_ under sail, drawn by Captain J. Hagg

2. T