: X:100 = 68

or the number of grams required to yield 100 calories.

Thus it is seen that in using the fuel value of a hundred grams of
food material for estimating the standard or 100 calories portion the
extremes are always the same. Hence, the weight of the 100 calorie
portion may always be obtained by multiplying the extremes and
dividing the result by the number of calories furnished by 100 grams
of food material.

PROBLEMS

(a) Compare the fuel value of the various common food materials.

(b) How does the fuel value of a chicken salad compare with that of
fruit salad?

(c) Figure the fuel value of a cupful of cream of tomato soup and
compare it with that furnished by the same quantity of beef broth.

(d) Weigh and measure a 100-calorie portion of spinach and compare it
with a 100-calorie portion of sweet potato.

FOOTNOTES:

[15] For full description and methods used, see "Journal of The
American Chemical Society," July, 1903.

[16] "Chemistry of Food and Nutrition" (revised edition), by Sherman.

[17] "Chemistry of Food and Nutrition," by Sherman.

[18] "Chemistry of Food and Nutrition" (revised), by Sherman.

[19] See Table of Standard or 100 Calorie Portions, in Appendix.

CHAPTER III

THE FOOD REQUIREMENTS OF THE BODY

The human body, as far as can be judged, does not use one nutrient to
the exclusion of another, but science has proved that the best results
are obtained from diets balanced to suit the needs of the body,
providing the fuel and repair materials in the amounts which are
calculated to give the maximum value with the minimum expenditure on
the part of the organism.

For while no two individuals are exactly alike, there are factors
which govern or influence the food requirements of all, and thus make
it possible to estimate the needs of the body with a fair degree of
accuracy.

It has been found, by means of calorimeter experiments (direct and
indirect), that a certain amount of heat is produced within the body,
regardless of external movement or food; that is, when a body is lying
absolutely quiet with no movement save that of breathing, the internal
work of the organism, which is continuous, releases so much heat, and
this is produced whether there is food to replace it or whether the
body structure is burned. This is known as the ~basal rate of
metabolism~, and constitutes the normal ~basal requirements~. Any
external movement will increase this rate; the grea