ietaries," by Sherman and
Gillett.

[26] Part of soft-cooked egg may be given at the beginning of eleventh
month; this must be given at the noon meal, and should not be included
in each day's meal (two or three times a week is sufficient).

[27] Dr. Hess advises the use of canned tomato juice as a substitute
for orange juice when the latter is unobtainable.

SECTION II

LABORATORY OR DIET KITCHEN WORK

CHAPTER IV

METHODS OF FEEDING IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CONDITIONS

There are several methods of feeding which have been adopted to meet
the needs of the individual under various conditions: Feeding by
mouth, gavage or forced feeding, rectal feeding (nutrient enemata),
and inunction.

~Feeding by Mouth.~--The first method is the one used in health and in
the majority of abnormal conditions. In cases where there is a certain
abnormal development of the mouth or throat, and in some cases of
insanity or unconsciousness, where for some reason it is impossible
for the individual to swallow, this method cannot be used.

~Forced Feeding.~--With very young children and babies gavage or
forced feeding is found at times to be necessary. In these cases a
small rubber catheter is introduced into the stomach through the
nostrils and the milk or other fluid poured through the tube. In
unconscious or insane patients it is often found necessary to insert a
gag (a cork will serve the purpose) between the teeth to prevent the
biting of the tube when it is inserted through the mouth into the
stomach.

~Food Used for Forced Feeding.~--The food in these cases consists of
reenforced soups, milk gruels, or nutrient beverages, not more than
six or eight ounces given at one time. Finely chopped meat and
vegetable purees have been given in this way when the digestion of the
patient was not impaired, but when conditions rendered it necessary to
resort to this method of feeding.

~Technique of Gavage.~--The apparatus used in gavage consists of a
moderate sized soft rubber tube to which is attached a rubber or glass
funnel and a "pinch cock." The tube should be filled with water to
prevent air entering the stomach and causing pain or discomfort. In
certain cases the patient refuses to swallow the tube and it will be
found necessary to use some means to force the passage if the throat
is shut off. By closing the nostrils the patient will be obliged to
breathe through the mouth, thus opening the passage into the throat
throu