der, 363;
tries to alienate France from the States, 363, 364;
resigns, 364.

Oliver, Lieutenant-Governor, his letters, 177;
petition for his removal, 183.

Oswald, Richard, sent by Shelburne to discuss peace with Franklin, 365;
second visit, 366;
fruitless interview with Franklin, 367;
preferred to Grenville by Franklin, 371;
continues negotiation, 372;
difficulty over his commission, 373;
receives satisfactory commission, 376;
agrees to a draft treaty, 377.

Otis, James, opposition to Stamp Act, 107, 111.

Oxford University makes Franklin Doctor of Laws, 75.

Parliament, supremacy of, over colonies, denied by Franklin, 47;
asserted by Shirley, 46;
by Parliament, 64;
Stamp Act raises question, 110;
denied by Pitt, 114, 117;
debate over declaratory resolution in Parliament, 118;
arguments of Franklin before Commons, 124-126;
distinction between internal and external taxes, 130;
debates under Dartmouth's ministry, 167-170.

Parton, James, Life of Franklin, quoted,
3, 16, 23, 36, 97, 208, 222, 232, 240, 241, 271, 281, 283, 407, 415, 419.

"Paxton massacre," 87-89;
Paxton boys threaten Indians in Philadelphia, 88;
overawed by Franklin's preparations, 89;
unpopularity of latter with lower classes, 90.

Pelham, Henry, said to have planned a Stamp Act, 104.

Penn family, proprietaries, strained relations with people, 49, 60;
refuse to allow lands to be taxed by Assembly, 61, 62;
interviews with Franklin, 67;
complain to Pennsylvania of him, 68;
endeavor to get taxing acts disallowed, 69;
denied by the board of trade, 70, 72;
continue struggle with Assembly, 90;
their corrupt practices, 94, 95;
famous epitaph by Franklin, 95;
his hostility later diminished, 95.

Penn, John, appointed governor of Pennsylvania, 87;
agreeable beginning of administration, 87;
protected and directed by Franklin at time of Paxton massacre, 89;
vetoes bills of the Assembly, 90, 91.

Penn, Thomas, wishes Parliament to tax colonies, 49, 64.

Penn, William, suggests colonial union, 44.

Pennsylvania, reluctance to take military measures, 39, 49, 52;
controversy with proprietors, 60-64, 69, 72, 73, 90-99;
desires to be a crown colony, 63, 64, 91-93;
labors of Franklin in behalf of, 66-72, 101, 102;
adopts a state constitution, 211;
chooses Franklin president of legislature, 403, 404.

"Pennsylvania Gazette," published by Franklin, 12;
its c