and Grenville from Shelburne ministry, 372;
Oswald resumes negotiation, 372;
debate over form of his commission, 373-377;
Jay and Adams overrule Franklin, 374;
their suspicions of French friendliness, 374-376;
Jay persuades Shelburne to yield his objections, 376;
negotiations resumed, 377;
draft agreed upon but rejected by English, 377;
difficulties of American commissioners
on account of their instructions, 377, 378;
Adams and Jay again overrule Franklin
and determine not to follow French advice, 379;
boundaries agreed upon, 380;
fisheries, 380;
responsibility of Franklin for dispute over indemnification of Tories, 380;
a deadlock, 381;
counter-claims suggested by Franklin, 381, 382;
Shelburne yields, 382;
provisional articles signed, 383;
condemnation of treaty in England, 383;
real success of Americans, 384;
anger of Vergennes, 384, 385, 387;
Franklin's reply, 386;
condemnation in America, 388;
justification of Adams and Jay, 391, 392, 396.

Truxton, Commodore, 401.

Turgot, opposes France's aiding colonies, 227, 228;
on French poverty, 319.

University of Pennsylvania, founded by Franklin, 37.

Vaughan, Benjamin, sent by Shelburne to Paris, 372;
carries Jay's message to Shelburne, 376;
fears failure of treaty over royalist indemnity, 381.

Vergennes, Comte de, predicts American independence, 83;
favors policy of aiding colonies to weaken England, 227;
gets control of king's foreign policy, 229;
establishes Beaumarchais as Hortalez & Co., 229;
maintains outward neutrality, 230, 231;
avoids a quarrel on Franklin's account with English ambassadors, 234;
meets the commissioners, 237;
tries to suppress license of colonial privateers, 250, 251;
self-interest of his policy toward America, 252;
secret interview with envoys, 274;
liberal dealings with States, 285;
keeps departure of Gerard and Deane secret, 290;
suspects Lee's secretary of being a spy, 290;
dislike for Lee, 291;
complains of exorbitant financial demands, 325, 328, 333;
appealed to by Morris to help American credit in Spain, 331;
confidence in Franklin, 345;
antipathy to Adams, 350;
angry at proposal to scale American paper money, 350;
insists that French creditors be spared, 351;
appeals to Franklin against Adams, 352;
advises against answering "De Weissenstein," 359;
trusted by Franklin, 362, 378;
refuses to treat with England